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level: PACKAGING MATERIALS

Questions and Answers List

level questions: PACKAGING MATERIALS

QuestionAnswer
1 GlassType-I Borosilicate glass Type-II Treated sodalime glass Type-III Regular soda-lime glass Type-NP General purpose soda lime glass Coloured glass
2 Metals1 Tin 2 Iron 3 Aluminium 4 Lead
3. Plastics1 Thermosetting resins 2 Thermoplastic resins
1 Thermosetting resinsPhenolics Urea
2 Thermoplastic resins1 Polyethylene 2 Polypropylene 3 Polyvinylchloride (PVC) 4 Polystyrene 5 Polycarbonate 6 Polyamide (Nylon)
COMPOSITION OF GLASSSand (silicon dioxide) Soda ash (sodium carbonate) Limestone (calcium carbonate) Cullet (broken glass) - aluminum, boron, potassium, magnesium, zinc, barium
1 Composition of amber glass 2 Composition of yellow glass 3 Composition of blue glass 4 Composition of green glass1 light yellowish to deep reddish brown, carbon and sulphur or iron and manganese dioxide 2 Compounds of cadmium and sulphur 3 Various shades of blue, cobalt oxide or occasionally copper (cupric) oxide 4 iron oxide, manganese dioxide and chromium dioxide
Type I glass: Borosilicate glass Advantages & DisadvantagesAdvantages 1 possess high hydrolytic resistance. 2 most inert type of pharmaceutical glass. 3 Has the lowest coefficient of thermal expansion (and hence suitable for sterilization by heat…..for ampoules and vials). Disadvantages: 1 It has very high glass transition temperature thus complicated processing. 2 And therefore expensive
Type II glass: Treated Sodalime AdvantagesAdvantages 1 Has a lower melting point than Type I glass. 2 Thus easier to produce and consequently cheaper. 3 High hydrolytic resistance due to surface treatment of the glass.
It is used to package aqueous preparations. It is the glass used to produce containers for eye preparations and other dropper bottlesType II glass: Treated Sodalime
general purpose is supplied for non parenteral products, intended for oral or topical use. Uses: For oral use and topical purposeType NP
Classes of plastics1 Thermoplastics 2 Thermosets
Capable of being shaped after initial heating and solidifying by cooling. Resistant to breakage and cheap to produce.Thermoplastics E.g. Polystyrene, polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride.
They need heat for processing into a permanent shape.Thermosets E.g. Phenolic, urea and melamine are representative of thermosets.
Plastics usesUsed for many types of pack including; 1 rigid bottles for tablets and capsules, 2 squeezable bottles for eye drops and nasal sprays, jars, 3 flexible tubes and strip and blister packs.
Advantages and Disadvantages of PlasticsAdvantage • Least expensive than glasses • Ease of transportation • No risk of breakage • Flexible •Light in weight Disadvantage • Not as chemically inert as Type -I glass. • Not as impermeable to gas and vapor as glass. • They may possess an electrostatic charge which will attract particles.