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level: Level 1

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

QuestionAnswer
What minerals are cofactors for antioxidants? (5)Mn Zn Fe Se Cu
what is included in the primary immune system? (2)Bone Marrow Thymus
what is included in the secondary immune system? (3)Spleen Lymph nodes Gut Associated Lymphatic Tissue (GALT)
Immune system fights off...? (5)bacteria parasites fungi virus carcinogens
What are the four things needed for an effective immune system?1) energy (macronutrients) 2) micronutrients 3) healthy microbiome (pro/pre biotics + fiber) 4) non nutrients (phytochemicals)
Why do elderly have a decreased immune system?Thymus shrinks as you age
What makes up the innate immune system? (4)Physical barriers complement proteins NK cells phagocytes
What is the purpose of complement proteins? (3)enhance immune cells increase inflammation signal other cells
Where are complement proteins found/synthesized?Found in blood synthesized by liver
Cytokines are a type of ________?complement protein
Cytokines are signal cells synthesized by....? (2)monocytes+ macrophages
what are the 3 types of cytokines?1) Interleukins 2) interferons 3) Tumor Necrosis Factor
What are the 3 types of interleukins and what do they do?IL-1 + IL-6 -> Increase inflammation IL-10-> Decrease inflammation when you are ages 1-6 you increase arguments when you are 10 you are mature and can be a peace maker
Complement proteins enhance immune cells by...? (2)phagocytosis (coat intruder) membrane attack (break down membrane) they're like saliva on a gobstopper
What are the 3 types of phagocytes?granulocytes (include all the "phils") monocytes macrophages dendritic cells
How is inflammation measured?C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
CRP is made in ______ and delivered by _____ and _______liver macrophages fat cells
Chronic immune diseases (5):Allergies Arthrites Crohns Central obesity Diabetes 1 and 2 /metabolic syndrome CADillAC
which Phagocytes are antigen presenting?monocytes macrophages dendritic
when monocytes grow up, they become _______macrophages
inflammation can cause complications such as....: (4)CVD NAFLD Cancer Dementia
Adaptive immune system contains: (2)T cells B cells
Cell mediated immunity creates what kind of cells?T-cells
What are the three types of T cells?T helper cytotoxic t cells regulatory t cells
What are the four types of B cellsPlasma B cells Memory b cells regulatory b cells antibodies
What are the 5 major classes of antibodies?IgG IgA IgM IgE IgD you just got GAMED
Helper T cells need/don't need to be presented toNEED to be presented to
B-cells need/don't need to be presented todo NOT NEED to be presented to
What activates helper T cells?Antigens (Dendritic cells, macrophages, monocytes)
what activates B cellsT cells
What two cells does a B cell produce when activated?plasma b cell memory b cell
what is the role of antibodies?to communicate between both immune systems (innate and acquired)
issues with the immune system (2)transplant rejections autoimmune diseases
the immune system is compromised during.... (3)infancy pregnancy elderly
Immune system is effected by: (5- things you can't help)Things you can't help: -Genetics -sex -how you're born -age -Chronic disease
Immune system is effected by: (7 things you can choose)exercise central adiposity breastfeeding smoking/alcohol gut microbiota nutritional status stress
nutrients needed in the immune system: (17)Vitamin A Vitamin B2, 3,6,9,12 Vitamin C Vitamin D Vitamin E Zn Fe Mn Cu Ca I Mg P Z FeMiNine Cu Ca IMP
What immune system nutrients are typically low? (6)Vitamin C, D, E Fe Mg Zn
What 5 things go on while you are sick?energy needs inflammation oxidative stress cells are made/activated antigens are eliminated
How are antigens eliminated?oxidative bursts
What two things are required for oxidative bursting to occur?Zn + Iron
What nutrients help with energy needs? (8)Cu Mg Fe B2, 3, 6, 9, 12 All the Bs and a CUp and a MuG of FrEaking coffee
What is the scientific name of B1Thiamin you have to have big THIghs to be number 1
What is the scientific name of B2Riboflavin 2 rib cages
what is the scientific name for B3?Niacin
What nutrients are needed for cellular proliferation? )(6)Folic Acid Fe Iodine Zn Vitamin D Mg transcribing DNA is like receiving a FFIZzy DM
What nutrients activate immune cells? (3)Zn Calcium Vitamin C
what 3 vitamins are antioxidants (needed to reduce oxidative stress)vitamin E Carotenoids Vitamin C