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level: Key Terms

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Key Terms

QuestionAnswer
animals that generate their own body heat through metabolismendotherms
lack an internal mechanism to control body temp and regulate behaviorallyectotherms
the inherited circuitry that directs and guides behaviorinstinct
refers to a change in behavior brought about by an experiencelearning
a form of learning that occurs during a brief period of time usually early in an organism's lifeimprinting
a window of time when the animal is sensitive to certain aspects of the environmentcritical period
occurs when an animal learns not to respond to a stimulushabituation
internal clocks or cyclescircadian rhythms
chemical signals between members of the same species that stimulate olfactory receptors and ultimately affect behaviorpheromones
an aggressive behavior that occurs as a result of competition fro food or other resourcesagonistic behavior
occurs when members in a group have established when members are the most dominantdominance hierarchies
common behavior when food and nesting sites are in short supplyterritoriality
defined as unselfish behavior that benefits another organism in the group at the individual's expense because it advances the genes of the groupaltruistic behavior
both organisms winmutualism
one organism lives off another with no harm to the host organismcommensalism
organism harms its hostparasitism
plants flower in response to changes in the amount of daylight and darkness they receivephotoperiodism
a turning in response to a stimulustropism
refers to the way plants respond to sunlightphototropism
refers to the way plants respond to gravitygravitropism
refers to the way plants respond to touchthigmotropism
promote plant growth and phototropismauxins
promote stem elongation especially in dwarf plantsgibberellins
promote cell division and differentiationcytokinins
induces leaf abscission and promotes fruit ripeningethylene
inhibits leaf abscission and promotes bud and seed dormancyabscisic acid
the study of interactions between living things and their environmentsecology
the entire part of the Earth where living things existbiosphere
the interaction of living and nonliving thingsecosystem
a group of populations interacting in the same areacommumity
a group of individuals that belong to the same species and that are interbreedingpopulation
massive area that are classified mostly on the basis of their climates and plant lifebiomes
living factors in an ecosystembiotic factors
nonliving factors in an ecosystemabiotic factors
carbon's recycling throughout the ecosystemcarbon cycle
a position or function in a communityniche
describes the way different organism depend on one another for foodfood chain
have all of the raw building blocks to make their own foodautotrophs
the rate at which autotrophs convert light energy into chemical energy in an ecosystemprimary productivity
the total weight of all the organisms in an areabiomass
forced to find their energy sources in the outside worldheterotrophs
organism that break down organic matter into simple productsdecomposers
an organism that is particularly important otay an ecosystemkeystone species
in a food chain only 10% of energy is transferred form one level to the next10 percent rule
a representation of energy flow, biomass, and number of members within an ecosystemecological pyramid
toxins grow increasingly concentrated in a food chainbiomagnification
can be represented as the number of births minus the number of deaths divided by the side of the populationpopulation growth
the maximum number of individuals of a species that a habitat can supportcarrying capacity
affect the population regardless of the density of the populationdensity-independent factor
effects that depend on population densitydensity- dependent factor
occurs when a population is in an ideal environmentexponential growth
population becomes restricted in size because of limited resourceslogistic growth
those who thrive in areas that are barren or uninhabitedr-strategists
organism are best suited for survival in stable environmentsk-strategists
the process of ecological succession in which no previous organisms have existedprimary succession
the entire sequence of creating a new ecosystemsere
the final established communityclimax community
when a new community develops where another community has been destroyed or disruptedsecondary succession
atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide have increased by burning fossil fuelsgreenhouse effect
pollution has led to depletion of the atmospheric ozone layer by chemicalsozone depletion
burning fossil fuels produces pollutants such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxideacid rain
when land is overgrazed by animalsdesertification
when forests are cleared erosion, floods, and changes in weather patterns can occurdeforestation
toxic chemicals in the environmentpollution
as habitats have been destroyed many plants and animals have become extinctreduction in biodiversity
humans travel and disrupt habitats and bring diseases with themintroduction and spread of disease