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level: Key Terms

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Key Terms

QuestionAnswer
a cell that has two sets of chromosomesdiploid
a cell with only one set of chromosomeshaploid
the duplicate versions of each chromosomehomologous chromosomes
expressed characteristicstraits
a chunk of DNA that codes for particular traitgene
the position of a gene on a chromosomelocus
alternate version of the same gene (ex. T vs t)allele
when an organism has two identical alleles for a given traithomozygous
when an organism has two different alleles for a given traitheterozygous
the physical appearance of an organismphenotype
the genetic makeup of an organismgenotype
the first generationparent/P generation
the offspring generation of the Pfilial/F1 generation
the offspring of the F1F2 generation
the dominant allele masks the presence of the recessive alleleLaw of Dominance
when two individuals are crossed and one gene is being studiedmonohybrid cross
the law that states each gamete gets only one of two copies of a geneLaw of Segregation
two alleles for each trait are sorted independently of the two alleles for other traitsLaw of Independent Assortment
a study looking at how two genes are passed ondihybrid cross
calculation of the probability that each event will occur independentlyproduct rule
calculation of the likelihood that either event occurs but not bothsum rule
a way to determine a genotype if physical appearance cannottest cross
genes that are found on the same chromosomelinked genes
the measurement unit for distance on a chromosomemap units/centrimorgans
22 pairs of chromosomesautosomes
the 23 pair of chromosomesex chromosome
traits found on the X chromosome and disproportionally affects malessex-linked traits
an X chromosome that is condensed and visibleBarr body
the blending of traitsincomplete dominance
equal expression of both allelescodominance
trait results from the interaction of many genespolygenic inheritance
genetic material in the mitochondrianon-nuclear inheritance
a way to study genetic inheritance (family tree)pedigree
occurs when two individuals with the same genotype have different phenotypes because they are in different environmentsphenotypic plasticity
female organ is the ovary and male's are testesgonads
two sets of chromosomestetrad
another name for meiosisgametogenesis
production of sperm cellsspermatogenesis
production of egg cells/ovum (only produces 3 not 4 in the end)oogenesis
chromosome failed to separate properly during meiosisnondisjunction
the presence of abnormal number of chromosomes in a cellaneuploidy
when a segment of a chromosome moves to another nonhomologous chromosometranslocation