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level: ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIONS OF DRUGS PART 4

Questions and Answers List

level questions: ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIONS OF DRUGS PART 4

QuestionAnswer
Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis Binds to 50s ribosomes1 CHLORAMPHENICOL 2 MACROLIDES 3 LINCOSAMIDES 4 STREPTOGRAMINS 5 Oxazolidinones 6. Pleuromutilins
Used in meningococcal infections, H influenza infections and cephalosporin allergic patients as well as anaerobic infections Broad spectrum but potentially toxicCHLORAMPHENICOL
CHLORAMPHENICOL is __ spectrum. It is no longer widely used because it is potentially __broad, toxic
Serious adverse effects of Chloramphenicol1 Suppression of bone marrow activity 2 Aplastic anemia 3 Gray baby syndrome
Dose-related; Manifest only at a certain dose of chloramphenicolSuppression of bone marrow activity - Suppress the formation of blood cells and immune cells
Non-dose related Condition that occur when the body is not producing enough new blood cellsAplastic anemia
Because of circulatory collapse that occur in premature or newborn infants It is associated with excessively high levels of chloramphenicol It can happen if a pregnant person takes chloramphenicolGray baby syndrome
Have presence of macrocyclic lactone ring which is a ketone group, this is glycosidically linked amino sugar Because of its nucleus, it prevents the translocation movement of ribosome along mRNAMACROLIDES
Types of Macrolides1 Erythromycin 2 Clarithromycin 3 Azithromycin 4 Telithromycin
Enable to penetrate cell walls of most gram negative bacteria The spectrum of activity is similar to Penicillin G. Drug of choice for penicillin G allergic patients.Erythromycin
Erythromycin have poor GI absorption that is why it is made into what dosage form?Enteric coated dosage form
Also used for Legionellosis, mycoplasma pneumonia, campylobacter, Chlamydial infections, Diphtheria, and PertussisErythromycin
Broader antimicrobial spectrum It can penetrate the tissues betterClarithromycin & Azithromycin
Clarithromycin is usually used together with __, __ for H pylori eradicationOmeprazole, Lansoprazole
Drug of choice for Non gonococcal urethritis (NGU) such as from chlamydia Also used for Lower respiratory tract infection, Pharyngitis, Legionnaires, Pelvic Inflammatory DiseaseAzithromycin
Ketolides Not used anymore because it causes hepatoxicityTelithromycin
What are the Adverse Effects of Macrolides1 Epigastric distress, 2 Cholestatic jaundice
Pain that is localized to the region of the upper abdomen immediately below the ribs Often, those who experience this type of pain feel it during or right after eatingEpigastric distress
Caused by the Estolate form of erythromycin Unable to transport bilirubin because of hepatic bile capillaryCholestatic jaundice
Resembles sulfonamides in antibacterial spectrum, biochemical form and mechanism of actionLINCOSAMIDES
Their use is for abdominal and female genitourinary tract infection caused by bacillus fragilis, and pseudomonasLINCOSAMIDES
Example of lincosamidesClindamycin
Adverse effects of clindamycinPseudomembranous colitis and rash
Pseudomembranous colitis is treated byClindamycin
1 ___ Block an early step in protein synthesis 2 ___ Blocks the later step in protein synthesis1 Quinupristin, 2 dalfopristin
Alternative for treating vancomycin resistant gram positive bacteriaQuinupristin / dalfopristin (Synercid)
Totally synthetic antibiotic which makes resistance slower to develop No usefulness against gram __ but very active against certain __ which are not sensitive to synercidOxazolidinones, negatives, enterococci
Oxazolidinones exampleLinezolid
Useful primarily against penicillin resistant gram positive bacteria or MRSALinezolid
Derivatives and oxazolidinones represent the two classes of antibiotics developed since 2000sPleuromutilins
The first antibiotics of Pleuromutilins approved for human useRetapamulin