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level: ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIONS OF DRUGS PART 3

Questions and Answers List

level questions: ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIONS OF DRUGS PART 3

QuestionAnswer
Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis - BINDS TO 30S ribosomes1 Aminoglycosides 2 Tetracyclines
Have amino sugars that are linked together by glycosidic bonds They change the shape of 30s portion which causes code of RNA to be read incorrectlyAminoglycosides
Aminoglycosides first antibiotic to have significant activity against ___ and they are bactericidal. They are also __ spectrumgram negative, broad spectrum
Aminoglycosides Types1 Streptomycin 2 Amikacin 3 Gentamicin 4 Netilmicin 5 Neomycin 6 Tobramycin
First alternative drug for mycobacteria Not used anymore for tuberculosis because of the resistancy of mycobacteriaStreptomycin (BROAD SPECTRUM)
Unavailable as topical preparation Sometimes Non Rx topical preparationNeomycin
Broad spectrum especially in pseudomonas speciesGentamicin
Broad spectrum Incorporated in otic and opthalmic preparationTobramycin
Significant adverse effect of aminoglycosides1 Ototoxicity, 2 Nephrotoxicity 3 Neuromuscular blockade
Interferes with attachment of tRNA and to mRNA ribosome complex It has the broadest spectrum antibioticTetracyclines
Used to treat UTI and alternative drugs for gonorrhea and syphilisTetracyclines
Tetracyclines suppress the normal Gastrointestinal microbiota or norma flora because of broad spectrum which causes GI upsets that can lead to superinfection particularly by __Candida albicans
Examples of Tetracyclines1 Tetracycline 2 oxytetracycline 3 chlortetracycline 4 demeclocycline
Used in animal feeds for weight gain Adverse effect ____Demeclocycline, phototoxicity
Adverse effect: Vestibular problemsMinocycline
Semisynthetic Tetracyclines1 Doxycycline 2 Minocycline
They have longer retention in the body Most likely can cause toxicityDoxycycline, Minocycline
Tetracyclines are not for children because they can cause __permanent brownish decoloration of the teeth
Adverse Effects of Tetracyclines1 Gastric discomfort, 2 deposition in the bones 3 primary dentition causing discoloration 4 hypoplasia of the teeth and a temporary stunting of growth, 5 hepatotoxicity, 6 phototoxicity (demeclocycline), 7 vestibular problems (minocycline)
Underdevelopment or incomplete growth of the teethHypoplasia
Liver damage especially for pregnant womenHepatoxicity
Occur in inner ear and brain Vertigo, spinning and swaying sensation. Sometimes dizziness, balance problems, nausea and vomitingVestibular problems
When you ingest an expired tetracycline Causes symptoms like excessive drinking, urination and kidney diseaseFanconi-like Syndrome