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level: LEVEL 2 - POLAR SOLVENTS

Questions and Answers List

POLAR SOLVENTS

level questions: LEVEL 2 - POLAR SOLVENTS

QuestionAnswer
Things that dissolve in water• Soluble ionic compounds • Acids – start with H except H2O, H2O2 • Bases – Metal + OH and NH3 • Polar covalent molecules
Solvent-Solute Interactions Types• Polar solvents • Nonpolar solvents • Semipolar solvents
• Dissolve ionic solutes and other polar substancesPolar solvents
o Mixes in all proportions with alcohol o Dissolve sugars o Dissolves other polyhydroxy compoundsWater
Solubility according to Hildebrand• Solubility is the ability of the solute to form hydrogen bonds, and not merely on its polarity
Water dissolves __phenols, alcohol, aldehydes, ketones, amines, and other oxygen and nitrogen containing compounds
Solubility according to Lewis• Differences in acidity and basicity character of the constituents contributes to specific interactions in solutions (electron donor-acceptor) • It not about the hydrogen bonding, its more of the electron
o As length of nonpolar chain of aliphatic alcohol increases a. the solubility of the compound in water increases b. the solubility of the compound in water decreasesb. the solubility of the compound in water decreases
o Straight-chain monohydroxy alcohols, aldehydes, ketones and acids with more than 4 or 5 carbons cannot enter into the hydrogen-bonded structure of water hence, ___slightly soluble
Things that dissolve in water• Soluble ionic compounds • Acids – start with H except H2O, H2O2 • Bases – Metal + OH and NH3 • Polar covalent molecules