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level: Level 1 of Evaluating the areas

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1 of Evaluating the areas

QuestionAnswer
what research supports nurturedevelopmental and social area
Principle and concepts of the social areahow the environment influences our behaviour and thought processes and relationships social area often uses observational methods
Key themes in the social areaResponses to people in authority (miligram and bocchiaro) Responses to people in need
Eval for the social areaS- observational methods (to measure bhv , pillavin, levine etc) face v and ecological validity (done in natural environments so more realistic bhv ) and useful (application) W- reductionist - narrow bhv down to one cause only looks at the environment/ surroundings you are in ethics - miligram
What are applications for the social areainterventions such as positive role models buddy systems in schools
Defining principle and concepts of the cognitive areathe mind is like a computer input , process and output bhv is down to internal thinking processes and can be changed by external thinking processes uses experimental and self report methods
Eval of the cognitive area-deterministic - behaviour is determined by internal and external thinking processes - reductionist - behaviour is reduced/ simplified down to one cause though processes -methods used such as experiments and observation -useful - interventions such as leading questions/ cognitive interview
Defining principle and concepts of the biological areabhv can be explained through biological systems such brains,genes and hormones often use experimental methods such as lab
The biological area evaluationuseful - strokes - rehab - brain plasicity determinsitic/ reductionist - behaviour is due to biological systems controlled - reliability objective - psych as a science
developemental area princple and contextsbhv develops throughout life particularly child hood often do longitudional studies both nuture and nature
key themes of developmental areaexternal influences on bhv moral development
principle and concepts of the individual difference areaeveryone is genetically unique so everyone bhvs different as hbv varies different nomothetic approach -
eval of indivudal dffsociallly sensitive - w- labelling e- yerkes s- understand and educate more hollistic - multiple explanations - more insight - can become complex and hard to gather applications generalisability case srudy useful - treatments - psychoanalyis - individual treatments as everyones diffwrent - cannot be applied to everyone
Reductionism definitionsimplifing bhv down to one factor
hollismlooking at multiple explanations for bhv as it is too complex
Areas that can be considered reductionistbiological behavourist cognitive social
areas that can be considered holisticdevelopmental indivdual differences psychodynamic
strengths of reductionismcause and effect can be established - psych as a science useful - specific targeted treatments aimed at factor
weaknesses of reductiionismover simplifies bhv and its complexity doesnt explain all bhv as doesnt take in all factors
strenghs of hollismlooking at multiple factors can gain a more indepth understanding
hollistic weaknessnot scientific as cannot manipulate ezplanations to create an iv so no cause and effect
Definition of natureexplains bhv as being inate ( from birth/inherited)
definition of nutureexplanation bhv as learned through experiences eg environment
eval of natureuses objective measures - fmri, mri falsifiable supports psych as science useful - help develop drug treatments to change individual biology weakness - reductionst ignores over factors determintistic
eval of nurtureobservational methods either in control or natural = validity useful - shows bhvs can be learned so social interventions -reductionist - doesnt look a biology dterminististic - only caused by an individuals experiences
Determinism debatebehaviour is caused by factor outside of our control / determined by this cause
free will debateyou have full responsibility over the outcome of your bhv
eval of determinismif you can determine the cause you can put interventions to prevent - useful they show a cause and effect - psych as a science --cannot beheld responsible for their actions --it is often reductionist - only offering one explanation but ignoring other factors
Eval for freewillpeople can be held accountable for their actions -- can lead to labelling such as bhvs with mental health also creates stigma
Individual debatecause of bhv is due to your own personality or disposition
situational debatethe environmental context is the explanation for bhv
eval of individualuseful - individal tailorize treamnents such cbt --- is reductionist only looking at personality ingoring the situation
eval for situationaluseful - easier to change the situation than personality via interventions ---deterministic - ignores the role of freewilll
list some of the features of a science- QUANTITATIVE - MANIPULATION OF VARIABLES - CAUSE AND EFFECT - FALSIFIABILITY - OBJECTIVE - CONTROLLED
Strengths of psych as science- not subjective to interpretation - high in validity - reliability is controlled
weaknesses of scientific approachhigh control - low eco can validity generalisability can be low deterministic
ethnocentric biasonly looking at once culture or country biased to how they intrepretate the bias
what is sampling biasthe smaple doesnt represent the population of interest
Ethical considerationswhy does somethig need to be unethical - see real bhv and that
socially sensitive research s and wstrength is you can gain a wider understanding and educate weaknesses it can cause labelling , upset people etc
Research that support individualistic- casey between high and low delayers ( biological area and maguire) - individual differences area
research that supports situationalmiligram and bandura ( social area) developmental ( experiences like who you are around / social learning theory shapes your bhv)
Research that supports hard determinismbiological individual differences developmental
research that supports soft determinism/free willcognitive and social
Nature researchbiological area
nurturedevelopmental and social area