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level: Coding, capacity and duration

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Coding, capacity and duration

QuestionAnswer
What is coding?The process of converting information from one form to another. Once it gets into the memory system, it is stored in different formats, depending on the memory store.
What was Baddeley's study?Understand coding in the STM and LTM. Group 1: acoustically simliar words Group 2: acoustically dissimilar words Group 3: Semantically similar Group 4: Semantically dissimilar
What was the procedure of Baddely's study?Recall the list immediatley for STM recall and 20 minutes later for LTM recall.
Results of Baddely's study?For STM, tend to do worse with acoustically similar words For LTM, tended to do worse with semantically similar words Suggests: STM is coded acoustically and LTM is coded semantically.
Strength of Baddely's study? (3)High generisability, more likely to be repersentative (72 ppts) High ecological validity, real life application High reliability, due to standardised procedures
Weakness of Baddely's? (2)Not repersenative by splitting participants into 4 different groups Low ecological validity due to lack of mundane realism and it being in a lab.
What is capcity?Refers to the amount of information that can be held in a memory store
What was jacods study and procedure and pariticipants?Measured digit span. Had to read a list and add a digit a time and the one they got up to was their digit span 443 female ppts, aged 8-19
Results of Jacobs study?Mean span for digits across all participants was 9.3 items and 7.3 span for letters.
Strength of Jacob's study? (3)High generisability, more likely to be repersentative High ecological validity, real life application High reliability, due to standardised procedures
Weakness of Jacob's study?Gender bias, age bias, doesnt consider age as a factor Low ecological, lack of mundane realism and it took place in a lab too.
What was Miller's study?To support capacity of STM and Jacob's study Found that the capacity of STM was 7 plus of minus 2 items. Chunking allowed for 5 words can be recalled just as well as 5 letters.
What was Bahrick's study, procedure and particiapnts?Testing duration of LTM 1. Photo-recongnition, 50 photos of some of participants high school yearbook 2. Free recall test, recalled all the names of thier graduating class. 392 ppts, from Ohio ages 17-74
Results of Bahrick's study?Within 15 years of graduation were 90% accurate in photo recognition and 60% with free recall. AFter 48 years, recongition for photos was 70% and 30% for free recall.
Strengths of Bahrick's study? (2)High generalisability, high sample with good age range High ecological validity, can be applied to real life, task is realistic
Weakness of Bahrick's study? (3)Low generalisability, cultural bias from Ohio Low ecological, takes place in a lab envrionment Unable to explain why there is come decline in recall accuracy.