| Ichthyostega | One of the first discovered fossils of a four limbed vertebrate |
| zygapophyses | allow for movement of the vertebrates in spine |
| Occipital condyles | Bony structure that connects the skull and vertebrate column |
| Autostylic jaw suspension | The upper jaw is connected to the cranium |
| Hyomandibular | Serves purpose in suspending the jaws and operculum in fishes |
| Hyoid apparatus | Bones that suspend the tongue and larynx |
| Stratum corneum | Outermost layer of the epidermis |
| Stratum germinativum | Layer of the epidermis closest to the dermis |
| Stratum spongeosum | Middle layer of the epidermis that contains blood vessels and sweat glands |
| Stratum compactum | Provides strength to the middle layer of the epidermis |
| Setae | stiff bristle that resemble hair on gecko toe pads |
| Nuptial pads | extra grip on male frog thumb |
| Spade | Sharp, bony structure on foot for digging burrows |
| Rasping lips | Lips on tadpoles for scraping algae off of things |
| Chromatophores | Color changing cells |
| melanophores | color change to black or brown |
| lipophores | color change to red or yellow |
| guanophores | color change to white |
| Mucous glands | keep amphibian skin moist |
| Hedonic glands | amphibian glands where excretion attracts mates |
| Serous glands | Glands that produce dark, toxin secretions |
| Parotid gland | salivary glands |
| nicotating membrane | translucent membrane that acts as an inner eyelid to protect eye and keep moist |
| Explosive breeders | Several specimen reproducing in one area causing thousands of offspring |
| interference competition | when one organism physically restricts what another organism needs |
| Prolonged breeders | long periods of calling activity and mating |
| tympanic membrane | ear drum, separates the inside from the outside of the ear |
| phragmosis | an organism that defends its burrow by blocking the entrance with the body |
| acrodont dention | tooth is fused to the top of the jaw bone |
| pleurdont dention | tooth is fused to the side of the jaw bone |
| geniglossus | muscle flap that attaches tongue to jaw |
| intermandibular muscles | muscle in jaw that allows snake mouth to open wide |
| xeric adaptations | adaptions that allow for maximum water retention |
| hypothalamus gland | signals nerves to move or shut down when too cold |
| basking poikilothermy | regulating body temperature by using outside heat sources |
| Quadrate bone | between the lower jaw and the skull |
| lateral undulation | most common snake locomotion |
| rectilinear motion | snake locomotion in a straight line |
| concertina motion | snake locomotion in an accordion |
| sidewinding | snake locomotion that is sideways |
| hemipenis | split penis in snakes |
| vomeronasal organ | sensory neuron in top of the mouth used for scent |
| Jacobson's organ | aka the vomeronasal organ |
| Ovovivipary | the egg is hatched in the womb and live birth |
| Proteroglyphous | fangs that can not fold into the jaw |
| Solenoglyphous | fangs that can fold into the roof of the mouth |
| Neurotoxin | effects the nervous system |
| cytotoxin | effect the cellular system |
| Hemolytic venom | venom that causes swelling, hemorrhaging, and necrosis |
| Gilotoxin | mildly toxin venom from gila monster delivered through grooved teeth |
| Temperature dependent sex linkage | warm nests hatch girls, cooler nests hatch boys |
| Olfaction | sense of smell |
| Refugia | ecosystems that can survive through harsh events |
| ecdysis | Reptile shedding skin all at once |
| carapace | hard, exterior shell of turtle |
| glottis | breathing tube in bottom of a snakes mouth |
| sloughing | shedding skin on reptiles and amphibians |
| autophagy | eating loose skin |
| testudines | turtles |
| squamata | snakes and lizards |
| Fraction Zone | breaking point in the tail where it can be dropped |
| parietal | eye on top of head that detects light |
