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level: Level 1 of Congenital Anomalies

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1 of Congenital Anomalies

QuestionAnswer
patent foramen ovalefossa ovalis fails to close creating a left to right shunt
Atrial septal defectholes in the atrial septum that create a shunt
ventricular septal defectholes in the ventricular septum that create a shunt
patent ductus arteriosusthe fetal blood vessel connecting the pulmonary artery and the aorta fails to become a ligament, which creates a shunt
tetralogy of fallotpulmonary stenosis, overriding aorta, VSD, right ventricular hypertrophy (thickening of muscle)
transposition of the great vesselsthe aorta and pulmonary artery are connected to the wrong ventricles creating an oxygenated loop, and a deoxygenated circuit
persistent truncus arteriosusaorta and pulmonary artery are fused, usually have VSD
tricuspid atresiatricuspid valve fails to form/ isn't there, usually ASD and/or VSD
total anomalous pulmonary venous returnthe four pulmonary veins connect to the vena cava instead of the left atrium
coarctation of the aortanarrowing of the aorta, causes different blood pressures for the stenosis
shunt direction is decided bythe pressure differences, blood moves from high pressure to lower
congenital aortic valve stenosisthickening of the aortic leaflets pulmonary congestion, high pressure in LV decreased cardiac output
mitral valve prolapsevalve leaflets can blow backwards, sounds like a clicking, usually not serious
tamponade definitionto much pericardial fluid creates to much pressure on the heart
2 types of septal tissuesFibrous septum premium, muscular septum secundum
patent foramen ovale can causestroke or myocardial infarction
Atrial septal defect causespulmonary congestion
ventricular septal defect causespulmonary congestion
patent ductus arteriosus causespulmonary congestion
tetralogy of fallot causescyanosis
transposition of the great vessels causescyanosis
persistent truncus arteriosus causescyanosis
tricuspid atresia causescyanosis
total anomalous venous return causespulmonary congestion or cyanosis
congenital aortic stenosis causespulmonary congestion