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level: BIOCHEM MIDTERM LAB (1)

Questions and Answers List

level questions: BIOCHEM MIDTERM LAB (1)

QuestionAnswer
At what degree and unit of Temperature will the pH of pure water be 7.0?25 degrees Celsius
Vegetable oil has no pH since it does not containWater
Most accurate way of measuring the pH of a solution is using apH meter
Bleach, after measuring its pH, is classified as a strongBase
Identify the buffer solution or agent if it has a pH of 5.22Acetic acid
Give an example of equipment that uses buffer solutions in its calibrationpH meter
What glassware was used to prepare an accurate desired volume of buffer solution?Volumetric flask
This sour in taste where litmus paper changes from blue to redAcid
This bitter in taste where litmus paper changes from red to blueBase
It is an acid/base that ionizes completely in aqueous solution. It completely dissociate in water forming H+/H30+ or OH- and an ionStrong Acid/Base
It is an acid/base that ionizes partially in aq solution. It partially dissociate in water forming H+/H3O+ or OH- and an ionWeak Acid/Base
TRUE OR FALSE: The strength of an acid or base is not related to its concentrationTrue
It refers to how much acid/base is dissolved in water.Concentration
A ______ acid/base will completely ionize but can still be dilutedStrong
Small amt of acid per unit of volDilute Acid
large amt of acid per unit of volConcentrated
it produces H+ ions/H3O+ in aq solutionArrhenius acid
produces OH- in aq solutionArrhenius Basic
According to him, they are proton donorsBronsted-Lowry Acid
According to him, they are proton acceptorsBronsted-Lowry Base
According to him, they are electron pair acceptorLewis Acid
According to him, they are electron pair donorsLewis Base
TRUE OR FALSE: Hydrogen ion does exist in water; rather, hydronium ion, H3O+ is not presentFalse
Acid that can give up two protonsDiprotic Acid
Acid that can give up three protonsTriprotic Acid
Acid that can give up only one protonMonoprotic Acid
TRUE OR FALSE: is HCl triproticFalse
TRUE OR FALSE: is H2CO3 diproticTRUE
TRUE OR FALSE: is HI monoproticTrue
TRUE OR FALSE: is H2C2O4 triproticFalse
It is the reaction of proton transferAcid-base reaction
Is a substance formed when base accepts a proton (dagdag H+)Conjugate Acid
Is a substance formed when an acid donates a proton to another molecule or ion (bawas H+)Conjugate Base
TRUE OR FALSE: The conjugate base of this acid H2SO4 is HSO4-2False
TRUE OR FALSE: The conjugate base of this acid NH4+ is NH3True
TRUE OR FALSE: The conjugate acid of this base OH- is H2OTrue
TRUE OR FALSE: The conjugate acid of this base HCO3- is H2CO3True
TRUE OR FALSE: The conjugate acid of this base CO32- is H2CO3False
TRUE OR FALSE: The stronger the acid, the weaker and less reactive its conjugate base; the stronger the base the weaker and less reactive its conjugate acid.True
What does pH stands for?Potential of Hydrogen
It is the numeric scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of aq solutionpH
TRUE OR FALSE: Low pH values correspond to high concentrations of H+True
TRUE OR FALSE: High pH values correspond to low concentrations of H+True
What this the pH value of neutral?7
TRUE OR FALSE: A pH value of below 7 is basicFalse
TRUE OR FALSE: A pH value of above 7 is acidicFalse
Made by soaking with a mixture of pH indicator and compare the color using the chartpH paper
An accurate instrument that can read to the nearest hundredth of a unitpH meter
A substance that changes color at certain pHpH indicator
TRUE OR FALSE: The weaker the acid, the smaller its Ka but the larger its pKa.True
A solution whose pH changes very little when H3O+, H+ or OH- are added to itBuffer Solution
TRUE OR FALSE: Most common buffers consist of approximately equal molar amounts of weak acid and a salt of the weak acid (conjugate base)True
Buffers can be also considered as __________Shock absorbers
It is the amount of hydrogen or hydroxide ions that a buffer can absorb without a significant change in its pHBuffer Capacity
TRUE OR FALSE: Increase in H+/H3O+, pH decreasesTrue
TRUE OR FALSE: Increase in OH-, the pOH decreaseTrue
It is a mathematical relationship between pH, the pKa of a weak acid, and the concentrations of the weak acid and its conjugate baseHenderson-Hasselbalch Equation
The average pH of human blood is ___ any change larger than 0.10 pH unit in either direction may cause illness7.4
In blood buffers, the most important in the system is theCarbonate Buffer
In blood buffers, the second most important in the system is thePhosphate Buffer
TRUE OR FALSE: Almost all proteins can function as buffersTrue
It is a multi-subunit globular protein (metalloprotein), which has a quaternary structure-four globin subunits arranged in a tetrahedral structureHemoglobin
A pathological conditions wherein overproduction of acid in the body fluids or the pH falls below 7.35 and a pH below 7 is fatalAcidosis
A pathological conditions wherein excessive blood alkalinity in the fluids or the blood pH rises above 7.45 and a pH above 7.8 is fatalAlkalosis
It is caused by excessive loss of HCO3 from the blood that can caused by renal failure, diabetic ketoacidosis, shock, severe diarrheaMetabolic Acidosis
It is caused by a buildup of CO2 in the blood that can caused by hypoventilation, drug overdose, pulmonary edema, airway obstructionRespiratory Acidosis
It is caused by a low level of CO2 in the blood that can caused by hyperventilation, anxiety, feverRespiratory Alkalosis
It is caused by a loss of acid from the blood that can caused by loss of gastric juices, overuse of antacidsMetabolic Alkalosis
What will happen if an acetate buffer was added by HCl or NaOH, will it change the pH? or Retain?Retain
Identify the orange structures below:Lysosome
Identify the structureGolgi Apparatus
Identify the organelle shown belowMitochondrion
Identify the dark circular structure belowNucleus
Identify the blue structure belowRough ER
TRUE OR FALSE: The mitochondrion is believed to be a eukaryotic cell engulfed by a prokaryotic cellFalse
What is the function of the image below?It is involved in protein folding, quality control and dispatch
It means "before nucleus"Prokaryote
What organelle is not found in a plant cellCentriole
It is a jelly-like matrix that surrounds the nucleus and is bounded by cell membraneCytoplasm
Identify the blue structureCytosol
TRUE OR FALSE: The genetic material of a prokaryotic cell is found in its nucleusFalse
TRUE OR FALSE: All cells have a cell membraneTrue
It digests obsolete components of the cell itself, it destroys the cell after it has died, and it degrades material taken up from outside the cellLysosome
It is the major site of protein synthesisRough ER
What eukaryotic cell structures does not contain DNA?Endoplasmic Reticulum
It means "a small room"Cell
TRUE OR FALSE: In 1665, Robert Hooke, an English scientist, made an improved microscope and viewed thin slices of cork. He named what he saw "nucleus"False
What is the function of the image below?It provides the cell with energy
This organelle breaks down fatty acids, amino acids, and alcoholPeroxisomes
TRUE OR FALSE: The cytoplasm is the fluid portion of the protoplasmFalse
It is a semi-permeable structure that forms closed compartments around cellular protoplasmCell membrane
TRUE OR FALSE: Cells are the fundamental unit of lifeTrue
It is the study of cell structure and activityCytology
English Physicist that published his Micrographia, and made improved microscope and discovered cells in corkRobert Hooke
A German Botanist cofounder of the cell theory, defined the cell as the basic unit of plant structureMatthias Jakob Schleiden
A German Physiologist who founded modern histology, defining the cell as the basic unit of animal structure, concluded that all living things are made up of cellsTheodore Schwann
A German Pathologist, aka Father of modern Pathology and founder of social medicine, proposed an important extension of cell theoryRudolph Virchow
This cell lacks nucleus and membranous organellesProkaryotic Cell
A eukaryotic cell that has no nucleusRed Blood Cell
CELL: It is the largest structure, controls metabolic activities of the cell, contains DNA blueprint, stores and maintain the cell DNANucleus
CELL: A double-layered membrane enclosing the nucleoplasm, regulates movement of materials in and out of the nucleusNuclear Envelope/Membrane
CELL: Tiny channels which allows communication with the cytoplasmNuclear pores
CELL: It is the protoplasm of the nucleusNucleoplasm
CELL: It is the spherical body, regulates cellular functions, condensed region of chromosomes where ribosomal RNA is being synthesizedNucleolus
CELL: Cell structure where proteins are synthesized, floating within the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulumRibosomes
CELL: Tightly compacted DNA-protein complex within a chromosomeChromatin
CELL: Thread-like structures that contains hereditary information (genes), packaging material that hold DNA and proteins together, has 23 pairs of this organellesChromosomes
CELL: Formerly referred to as protoplasm, living substance of the cell. Jelly-like matrix that surrounds the nucleus and is bounded by the cell membraneCytoplasm
CELL: Also known as intracellular fluid or cytoplasmic matrix. It is the liquid or aqueous part of cytoplasm which contains water, free proteins and other substances. Major part of cellular metabolism takes placeCytosol
CELL: Helps maintain cell shape, responsible for internal movement of cell organelles, locomotion and muscle fiber contraction.Cytoskeleton
CELL: Also known as "small organs" organized or specialized structures within a living cell.Organelles
CELL: A system of interconnecting tubules, vesicles, and flattened sacs called cisternae, concerned with intracellular transport, circulatory system of the cell.Endoplasmic Reticulum
CELL: This ER has no attached ribosomes, and a site for cholesterol and phospholipid synthesis, involved in transport of fatty acids and other lipids.Smooth ER
CELL: This ER has ribosomes, and is the major site of protein synthesis.Rough ER
CELL: Also known as chondriosomes, and it is the powerhouse of the cell where it release energy for the cell. ATP generation happens in this matrixMitochondrion
CELL: Also known as dictyosomes, transports substance to and from the cell, modifies, packages, and transport proteins.Golgi Apparatus
CELL: Also known as suicide bags, surrounded by a single membrane and contains powerful enzymes capable of digesting or breaking down all organic materials.Lysosomes
CELL: self digestionAutolysis
CELL: digestion of cellsAutophagy
CELL: programed cell deathApoptosis
CELL: Lipid metabolism and catabolism, detoxification of alcohol and other toxic compoundsPeroxisomes
CELL: Temporary storage spaces, stores food, water and waste materialsVacuoles
CELL: Also called the microtubule organizing center, it is duplicated during S phase of the cell cycle, it is involved in cell divisionCentrosomes
CELL: Made up of a ring of nine groups of microtubulesCentrioles
TRUE OR FALSE: All membranes are phospholipid bilayers with embedded proteinsTrue
Embedded in the cell membrane and have a pore for materials to crossChannel Proteins
Can change shape to move material from one side of the membrane to the otherCarrier Proteins
Transport proteins that require energy to do workProtein Pumps
This transport requires energy or ATP and goes against the concentration gradientActive Transport
This transport does not require energy and goes with the concentration gradientPassive Transport
It is the random movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration, and requires no energyDiffusion
It is the diffusion of water across a membrane and moves from high water concentration to low water concentrationOsmosis
A solution whose solute concentration is the same as the solute concentration inside the cell.Isotonic
A solution whose solute concentration is lower than the solute concentration inside a cellHypotonic
A solution whose solute concentration is higher than the solute concentration inside a cellHypertonic
It is the process of separating molecules in solution by the difference in their rates of diffusion through a semipermeable membraneDialysis
This diffusion does not require energy, and uses transport proteins to move high to low concentration, molecules will randomly move through the pores in Channel ProteinsFacilitated Diffusion
Molecules are moved out of the cell by vesicles that fuse with the plasma membraneExocytosis
Large molecules move materials into the cellEndocytosis
Referred to as cell drinkingPinocytosis
Referred to as cell eatingPhagocytosis
It is the property of the surface of a liquid that allows it to resist an external force, due to the cohesive nature of its moleculesSurface Tension
SPECIFIC REACTIONS OF CARBS: Lime Soda on Molisch TestPositive, Formation of a purple product at the interface of the two layers
SPECIFIC REACTIONS OF CARBS: Sucrose on Fehling's TestNegative, No change or reaction
SPECIFIC REACTIONS OF CARBS: Fructose on Tollen's TestPositive, converted to glucose and mannose under alkaline conditions
SPECIFIC REACTIONS OF CARBS: Galactose on Nylander's TestPositive, it turns yellow orange
SPECIFIC REACTIONS OF CARBS: Cellobiose on Iodine TestNegative, no change
SPECIFIC REACTIONS OF CARBS: Glucose on Seliwanoff's TestNegative, turns blue to blue-green or yellow green appearance
SPECIFIC REACTIONS OF CARBS: Ribose on Bial Orcinol TestPositive, formation of blue color
SPECIFIC REACTIONS OF CARBS: Maltose on Benedict's TestPositive, formation of red color
SPECIFIC REACTIONS OF CARBS: Milk on Molisch TestPositive, deep purple color
SPECIFIC REACTIONS OF CARBS: Cellulose on Iodine TestPositive, the appearance of a blue-black or purple color
A test that requires precision for the detection of carbohydratesMolisch Test
A test used to differentiate between reducing sugars and non-reducing sugars, is a mild oxidizing agent that is used to oxidize aldehydes and hydroxyl ketoneTollen's Test
One of the most common tests used for the estimation or identification of reducing sugar and non-reducing sugarFehling's Test
A type of chemical test used to determine the presence of reducing sugarsNylander's Test
A chemical test used to distinguish mono or disaccharides from certain polysaccharides like amylase, dextrin, and glycogenIodine Test
A chemical test which differentiates between Aldose and Ketose sugarsSeliwanoff's Test
A chemical test for the presence of pentosesBial Orcinol Test
This test identifies reducing sugars (monosaccharides and some disaccharides), which have free ketone or aldehyde functional groupsBenedict's Test
Positive result for MolischViolet ring at junction
Positive result for Moore's TestBrown solution with caramel odor
Positive result for Fehling's TestReddish-brown ppt - cu ion
Positive result for Tollen's Test (silver mirror test)Reddish-brown ppt - cu ion
Positive result for Nylander's TestBlack ppt/Black Sol'n - Bi ion
Positive result for Benedict's TestReddish-brown ppt - cu ion
TRUE OR FALSE: All carbohydrates (mono to poly) will give a positive result to Molisch's TestTrue
TRUE OR FALSE: All carbohydrates (mono to poly) will give a positive result to Anthrone TestTrue
TRUE OR FALSE: All mono and disaccharide reducing sugars will give a positive brick red ppt/reddish brown ppt result to Fehling's TestTrue
TRUE OR FALSE: All mono and disaccharide reducing sugars will give a positive black solution/ black metallic ppt to Nylander's TestTrue
TRUE OR FALSE: All mono reducing sugars will give a positive brick red ppt. result within 3 mins, disaccharides brick red ppt will form after 3 min onward on Barfoed's TestTrue
In alpha glycosidic linkage, the glycoside bond isDown
In beta glycosidic linkage, the glycoside bond isUp
The difference between starch and cellulose is theirGlycosidic bonds
Starch structures have ___ glycosidic bondsAlpha
Cellulose structures have ___ glycosidic bondsBeta
TRUE OR FALSE: All pentoses will give a positive blue-green solution result to Bial's Orcinol TestTrue
TRUE OR FALSE: All sugars containing Ketone functional group will give a positive cherry-red solution result to Seliwanoff's testTrue
TRUE OR FALSE: All sugars containing galactose will give a positive white crystals result to Mucic Acid TestTrue
TRUE OR FALSE: All reducing sugars will give a positive yellow crystal result to Osazone TestTrue
The main energy source of the body isCarbohydrates
Most important source of energyGlucose
The process in which sugars (glucose) are converted into usable energy (ATP)Cellular Respiration
Stored form of glucose in animalsGlycogen
Hormone that moves glucose from blood into the cells (glycogen form)Insulin
Stored form of glucose in plantsStarch
Plants produce glucose and starch as a result of ____Photosynthesis
Those that contain the ketone group are calledDihydroxyacetone
H-C=O is?Aldehyde
C-C=O is?Ketone
The prefix _ is used when the -OH group is drawn on the right side of the carbon chainD
The prefix _ is used when the -OH group is drawn on the left side of the carbon chainL
A substance that rotates plane polarized light in a clockwise directionDextrorotatory
A substance that rotates plane polarized light in an anti-clockwise directionLevorotatory
TRUE OR FALSE: All naturally occuring sugars are D sugarsTrue
These are called "simple sugars" basic carbohydrate unit (monomer) and cannot be further hydrolyzed into smaller units under mild conditions. Have a characteristic sweet taste and are soluble in water. Ends with -oseMonosaccharides
It is the presence of glucose in the urineGlycosuria
It is the most abundant monosaccharide, white crystalline solid, soluble in water, insoluble most organic liquids. Commonly known as dextrose or grape sugar.Glucose
It is an isomer of glucose that is present in some glycoproteins and glycolipidsGalactose