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level: observtions (natrual and controlled in main)

Questions and Answers List

level questions: observtions (natrual and controlled in main)

QuestionAnswer
What is a covert observation?Participant unaware that they are being observed
Strength of covert observation?Investigator effects and demand characterisitcs are less likely
Weakness of covert observation?Less ethical, lack of informed consent
What is a overt observation?Participants are aware that they are being watched and observered
Strength of overt observation?More ethical, informed consent obtainted
Weakness of overt observation?Investigator effects and demand characteristics are more likely
What is participant observation?Researcher takes place in the activity that they want to observe
Strength of participant observation?In-depth data is gatherd due to close proximity
Weakness of participant observation?Investigator effects and demand characterisitcs are more likely
What is non-participant observation?Researcher does not take part in the activity that they set to observe
Strength of non-participant observation?Investigator effects and demand characteristics are less likely
Weakness of non-particpants observations?Researchers might miss behaviours of interest due to a lack of proximity
What is a structued observation?Behaviour is coded using behavioural categories
Strength of a structured observation?High levels of inter-observer reliability
Weakness of a structured observation?Can lack internal validity, observers miss observations
What is a unstructed observation?Every instance of behaviour is recorded and described
Strength of a unstructed observation?Rich data leads to a greater internal validity
Weakness of a unstructed observation?Lower levles of inter-observer reliability and general reliability
What is naturalistic observations?Takes place in a natural envrionment, where the behaviour usually occurs, unaltered
A strength of naturalistic observations?High ecological validity , takes place in a real life setting
A weakness of naturalistic observations?Low internal validity, no control over extraneous variables
What is a controlled observation?Takes place in a strict condition, extraneous variables controlled
A strength of controlled observation?Can be replicated to check for rebilicaity due to higher control
A weakness of controlled observations?Lower ecological validity.