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level: Waves

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Waves

QuestionAnswer
Difference between transverse and longitudinal wavesTransverse wave oscillations are perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer, whilst longitudinal wave oscillations are parallel to the direction of energy transfer
Give examples of transverse wavesElectromagnetic waves, ripples in water, wave on a string
Give examples of longitudinal wavesSound waves, shock waves
Rest position definitionUndisturbed position of particles or fields when they are not vibrating
Displacement definitionDistance that a certain point in the medium has moved from its rest position
Peak definitionHighest point above the rest postition
Trough definitionLowest point below the rest position
Amplitude definitionMaximum displacement of a point of a wave from its rest position
Wavelength definitionDistance covered by a full cycle of the wave usually measured from peak to peak or trough to trough
Time period definitionTime taken for a full cycle of the wave usually measured peak to peak or trough to trough
Frequency definitionNumber of waves passing a point each second
Method to measure speed of soundwaves in airAttach a signal generator to a speaker you can generate sounds with specific frequencies Set up oscilloscope so waves from microphones are shown as separate waves Start with microphones next to the speaker then move one away until the two waves are aligned by are one wavelength apart Measure distance between microphones to get one wavelength Use an equation to calculate speed of waves Results should be around 330 m/s
Method to measure speed of ripples on a water surfaceUse a signal generator attached to a ripple tank to create waves of a set frequency Use a lamp to see wave crests on a screen below the tank [wave shadows should be same size as actual wave crests Distance between each shadow line is equal to one wavelength Measure the distance between 10 wavelengths apart and then divide by 10 to find the average wavelength Use an equation to calculate the speed of the waves
What is the rule for all reflected waves?Angle of incidence = Angle of reflection
What is specular reflection?When a wave is reflected in a singular direction by a smooth surface
What is diffuse reflection?When a wave is reflected in lots of different directions by a rough surface
Effect of reflection at material interfacesThe wave is reflected at the same angle it meets the material at
Effect of absorption at material interfacesEnergy is transferred to the material's energy stores
Effect of transmission at material interfacesWaves travel through the material and are refracted on the other side
Method for investigating light refraction on different substancesPlace transparent rectangular block on a piece of paper and trace around it Use ray box to shine a ray of light at the middle of one side of a block Trace incident ray and mark where it emerges on other side of block Remove block and join incident ray with reflected ray Draw the normal at the point where the IR entered the block Measure the angle between the IR and normal, and the angle between the refracted ray and the normal Repeat using different blocks of material keeping the incident angle the same
Independent, dependent and control variables for RP 9Independent- Type of block material Dependent- Angle of refraction Control- Incident angle
Conclusion for RP 9The angle of refraction changes for different materials due to their optical densities
Method to investigate light reflection on different substancesDraw a straight line across a piece of paper Place an object so it lines up to the line Shine a ray of light at the surface and trace the incoming and reflected light beams Draw the normal and then measure the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection Make note of the width and brightness of the reflected ray Repeat the experiment but changing the object each time
Independent, dependent and control variables for RP 10Independent- object type Dependent- angle of incidence and angle of reflection Control- angle of incidence