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level: Using Resources

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Using Resources

QuestionAnswer
Potable water definitionWater that is safe for consumption
How is potable water produced?Water is filtered through wire meshes to remove solids Water is then sterilised to kill harmful bacteria
Method to desalinate sea waterTest pH with pH meter Neutralise water if pH is too high or low with titration Complete a flame test to test for sodium ions [sodium chloride] If present flame will be yellow, so add dilute nitric acid and silver nitrate solution Heat in a distillation apparatus Water will evaporate leaving salts behind, and will condense into potable water Retest pH to ensure water is neutral
Differences in treatment waste water, salt water, ground water and sewage waterWaste water- must remove organic matter and harmful microbes Salt water- must be pH tested and distilled Ground water- filtered and sterilised Sewage water- must go through screening, sedimentation and anaerobic digestion
Phytomining definitionWhere metals are extracted from their ions which are absorbed by plants through their roots
Bioleaching definionExtraction of metals from their ores through the use of living organisms
Describe the process of phytominingPlants absorb mineral ions Plants are harvested and burned producing ash Acid is added to ash to produce leachate Copper can be obtained through displacement with scrap iron
Describe the process of bioleachingBacteria are used to break down ores to produce leachate Copper ions in leachate are displaced by scrap iron
Advantages and disadvantages of phytomingIt is a slow process Reduces need of mining Conserves limited supply of high-grade ores Reduces rock waste
Advantages and disadvantages of bioleachingProduces toxic substances Reduces need for mining Conserves high-grade ores Reduces rock waste
Purpose of the Haber processUsed to make ammonia for fertilisers
Haber process reactionNitrogen + hydrogen <=[iron catalyst]=> ammonia + heat N2 + 3H2 <=> 2NH3 + heat
When is the yield of ammonia higher?When the temperatures are lower
What is the optimum temperature for the Haber Process?450 degrees
What also increases the yield of ammonia?Increasing pressure
What is the optimum operating pressure?200 atmospheres
What does the iron catalyst do?Increase rate of reaction, doesn't affect yield
What is the trade off between rate of reaction and position of equilibrium?Lower temperatures means the rate of reaction is slower and equilibrium is reached more slowly
What limits the Haber process commercially?Expense of equipment to contain process safely, temperature of process and pressure process is completed under
What are NPK fertilisers?Formulations of various salts including nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium at specific percentages
Describe the composition of NPK fertilisersComprised of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in specific percentages
How are NPK fertilisers made?In the Haber process
How is ammonium sulphate [a fertiliser] made in a lab?Drops of methyl orange indicator added to a set volume of ammonia sulfate solution in a conical flask Dilute sulfuric acid is added until turns orange When volume of sulfuric acid added is recorded then neutral ammonia sulfate with indicator is thrown away Experiment is repeated without indicator with same volumes of sulfuric acid and ammonia Ammonium sulfate is crystallised and then dried
What salt is produced when phosphate rock reacts with nitric acid?Calcium nitrate and phosphoric acid
What salt is produced when phosphate rock reacts with sulfuric acid?Single superphosphate
What salt is produced when phosphate rock reacts with phosphoric acid?Triple superphosphate