| how is nitrogen obtained for the hater process | the air |
| where does hydrogen come from for the hater process | reacting methane from natural gas with steam to form hydrogen and co2 |
| what catalyst are the reactants passed over and at what temperature and pressure | -iron catalyst
-high temp (450*c)
-high pressure (200atm) |
| how does the haber process reach dynamic equilibrium | -reaction is reversible
-some ammonia produces will convert back into hydrogen and nitrogen
-reaches dynamic equilibrium |
| how does the ammonia produced, which is a gas, get removed | -cools in the condenser which is at ammonias boiling point
-liquified and removed
-unused hydrogen and nitrogen are recycled so nothing is wasted |
| what can some of the ammonia be used for | ammonium nitrate which is a nitrogen rich fertiliser |
| what is the forward reaction for ammonia and what would happen if you increased the temp | -exothermic ,equilibrium shifts to the reactants so the yield of ammonia is lower
-the yield of ammonia would be higher at lower temperatures |
| what's the problem with using lower temperatures in the ammonia reaction | yield would be high but theres a slower rate of reaction so equilibrium is reached more slowly |
| why is 450*c then used | its used as a compromise to get the highest possible yield in the fastest time |
| what happens if you increase the pressure of the reaction | -equilibrium shifts towards the products
-four molecules of gas on the left for every two on the right
-higher pressure maximises yield and rate of reaction |
| why is the pressure set to 200atm | its as high as possible without the process being too expensive to or dangerous to build and maintain |
| why is an iron catalyst used | makes the rate of reaction to go faster without affecting the yield |
| why is an iron catalyst used | makes the rate of reaction to go faster without affecting the yield |
