| A man-made, wood-based composite material | Manufactured board |
| The set of standard sizes in which materials are available as well as the format e.g. powders, granules and sheets | Stock form |
| Associated with how a material reacts to an external force | Mechanical properties |
| Associated wit the actual make-up or structure of the material | Physical properties |
| The ability to withstand being crushed to shortened by pushing forces | Compressive strength |
| The ability to resist stretching or pulling forces | Tensile strength |
| The ability to resist abrasive wear such as scratching, surface indentation or cutting | Hardness |
| The ability to absorb impact force without fracture | Toughness |
| A material comprised of two or more different materials, resulting in a material with enhanced properties | Composite |
| A material whose physical properties change in response to an put or change in the environment, such as electricity, pressure, temperature or light | Smart material |
| A material developed through the invention of new or improved processes, for example as a result of man-made materials or human intervention | Modern material |
| A aerial containing mostly iron and carbon | Ferrous metal |
| A metal which does not contain iron | Non-ferrous metal |
| A metal made of two or more metals, or combing two or more elements, one of which much be a metal | Alloy |
| A material that can be repeatedly reheated and reshaped | Thermoplastic |
| A material which when heated undergoes a chemical change whereby the molecules form rigid cross links. These polymers cannot be reheated and reshaped, even at very high temperatures | Thermosetting polymer |
| Materials which at room temperature can be deformed under pressure, and then upon release of the pressure will return to their original shape | Elastomer |
| A traditional, inexpensive method which involves stacking the wood under a shelter, protected from the rain. Air circulated between the plants to slowly remove the excess moisture | Air seasoning |
| A more expensive but controlled method which is very quick and can take just a few weeks. Plants are stacked onto trolleys and placed in the kiln where both temperature and humidity are controlled | Kiln seasoning |
| A wood from a broad-leaved (deciduous) tree | Hardwood |
| A wood from a cone-barding, coniferous, tree | Softwood |
| Wood that comes directly from seasoning and has rough surfaces produced from initial conversion. This wood will have nominal sizes rather than accurate finished sizes | Rough sawn |
| Wood has only one edge that is planed accurately, the rest are rough sawn. PSE is about 3mm smaller in width from he original nominal size | Planed squared edge PSE |
| Wood has sides and edges that are planed square, straight and level, leaving a smooth finish, and is ready to use. The board is about 3mm smaller all round than the original rough sawn nominal size | Planed all round PAR |
| (for polymers) the temperature deemed safe for processing without possible degradation of the polymer properties | Safe working temp |
| Improved tensile strength and hardness in the localised area when a metal is cold worked | Work hardening |
| Heating work hardened metal and very slowly cooling it, making it easier to work by making it less brittle and more ductile | Annealing |
| A process for hardening the surface of seals with less than 0,4% carbon content | Case hardening |
| Changes the chemical composition of the surface of low carbon steel so it absorbs and increase surface hardness | Carburising |
| Rapid cooling of a heat-treated metal | Quenching |
| Heating medium or high carbon steels to a given temperature, rapidly coming via quenching and then heating to a set temperature to remove excess hardness | Hardening and tempering |
| The colour seen on metal that indicated the temperature at which brittleness is removed | Tempering colour |
| The temperature at which the atoms of carbon and steel mix freely before bonding together to become a solid | Critical point |
| A machine using a hydraulic press and a plywood substate with cutting dies and creasing rules to cut from paper, card or polymer film | Die cutter |
| Shaping stick form material through processes such as bending, rolling, press forming and steam bending | forming |
| Shaping materials by melting them and forming them in a mould that resembles the finishes product or component | Redistribution |
| Shaping stock material by machining it using processes such as milling, turning and southing | Wastage |
| Shaping materials by adding additional pieces to them, either using the same or different materials | Addition |
| A substance used to stick materials together | Adhesive |
| The material on to which the print ink is applied, such as paper or boards | Substrate |
| The process of creating raised images or text on paper or card by placing the paper or card in between two dies under pressure | Embossing |
| Produces an imprinted depression that sits below the surface of the paper or card | Debossing |
| A printing process in which ink is forced onto the surface of a material through a mesh screen to create a picture or pattern | Screen printing |
| Using a metal to coat a (usually cheaper) base metal | electro plating |
| Thermoset polymer powder is positively charges and attracted to the negatively charged product. It is then baked to melt the powder and given an even coating | Powder coating |
| Commonly used for aluminium to enhance the natural oxide layer, resulting in increased hardness toughness | Anodising |
| The consideration of the number of products to be made, using particular manufacturing methods to suit a particular market | Scale of production |
| The manufacture of groups of products to increase efficiency and economy | Batch production |
| The efficient organisation of a workforce so that individuals specialise in particular manufacturing tasks | Division of labour |
| The manufacture of large numbers of products in factories set up so that processes can be efficiently carries out by workers and/or teams organised in a specific sequence | Line production |
| The manufacture of large numbers of products in factories that are usually highly mechanised | Mass production |
| The use of overhead transporters for competent transfer between workers to improve factory efficiency | Unit production systems UPS |
| The use of mainly computer based technology to facilitate efficient competitive production of low-volume, customised products | Quick response manufacturing QRM |
| The organisation of manufacture to reduce dependance on externally sourced parts and sub-assemblies | Vertical integration/ vertical in-house production |
| The manufacture of products as needed, in response to existing orders. A production method that relies on materials and components arriving at the point of manufacture, just in time for manufacture | Just in Time JiT production |
| The design and manufacture of products to individual specifications | Bespoke/One off production |
| Production using work cells of CNC machines and robots that can be used to make a wide range of different products, typically one-off bespoke items or in small batches | Flexible manufacturing systems FMS |
| The use of groups of CNC machines robots and AGVs to facilitate efficient, flexible manufacturing | modular/cell production |
| Parts such as screws and light bulbs that are made to a common standard to ensure interchangabilities | Standardised components |
| Products parts that are sources form external suppliers rather than being manufacture in house | bought-in components |
| A self-contained element of a product that is made separately and incorporated into the final assembly stage | Sub-assembly |
| Using computers to draw in 2D or 3D and develop products | Computer aided design CAD |
| Using computer controlled equipment to machine materials | Computer aided manufacture CAM |
| Using software to virtually test products in liquids or gases | Computational fluid dynamics CFD |
| Using software to test components and products to identify potential stress or weak points | Finite element analysis FEA |
| Shop tills or similar that use barcodes or computer entry to transmit customer orders to suppliers and manufacturers | Electronic point of sale EPOS |
| A plan used to determine now many products will be made in a given time period | Master production schedule MPS |
| A system used to control the movement of materials and components from suppliers and though a factory | Kanban |
| Small electric devices that can be scanned and used to track items as they move though a factory and into dispatch | Radio frequency identification RFID tags |
| Robots, similar to forklift trucks, used to cary materials and finished goods around a factory | Automatic guided vehicle AGV |
| The scientific study of people and their working conditions | Ergonomics |
| The featured of product that make it visually appealing | Aesthetics |
| The use of scientific measurements of the human body in the design and construction of products | Anthropometrics |
| The study of individual tasks performed by consumers to allow for successful product develpment | Task analysis |
| The use of the end user throughout the design process, the ensure the developed product is focused on their design process, to ensure the developed product is focused on their actual needs and not the perceived needs determined by the designer | User-centred design UCD |
| The concert of designing products that will allow the maximum number of possible users to successfully use the product without discomfort | Inclusive design |
| the process of simulating conditions experiences by potential users of products, to assist with the development of successful products | Empathic design |
| Control of substances hazardous to health regulations 2002 | COSHH |
| The likelihood or chance that someone may be harmed as a result of being exposed to a hazard | Risk |
| Anything that could cause someone harm | Hazard |
| The main piece of legislation for British health and safety law | Health and safety at work act 1974 |
| Any action carries out in advance that protects against a possible danger or injury | Safety precaution |
| Consideration of what might cause hard to people and if reasonable steps are being prevent that harm | Risk assessment |
| A novel, physical creation that is entitled to protection for its organator in the form of copyright, design rights, patent, registered design or trademark | Intellectual property IP |
| The legal protection of IP | Intellectual properties rights IPR |
| Unregistered rights that protest original works such as books, photographs and plays | Copyright |
| Rights that give automatic protection to prevent copying the appearance of a product | Unregistered design rights |
| Legal protection for intentions relating to the way in which the products function | Patent |
| The official UK government body responsible for IP | Intellectual property office IPO |
| A product whose appearance or decoration has been legally protected to counter copying | Registered design |
| A graphical symbol that often serves as an important element of a trademarked brand identity | Logo |
| A unique combination of words sounds, colours and logos used for marketing, and the legal protection of brand identity | Trademark |
| A design that has not been protected by IPR, so that it can be freely used and developed by others | Open design |
| The key points that need to be considered in order to make products sustainable. Reduce, reuse, recycle, repair, rethink, refuse | Six Rs of sustainability |
| The management of resources to minimise depletion and pollution | Sustainability |
| Recovering the parts and materials from unwanted products to be used again | Recycle |
| Taking apart products for maintenance or to reclaim parts and materials | Disassembly |
| Minimising wastage and excess materials or packaging | Reduce |
| Avoiding unsustainable materials or products | Refuse |
| Designing products so that they can be put back in working order if something breaks or goes wrong | Repair |
| Considering the adoption of more sustainable alternatives | Rethink |
| Making it possible to use products or parts again | Reuse |
| Creative reuse of unwanted products and materials to manufacture higher value items | Upcycling |
| The concept of reducing waste in manufacture. This can be waste or materials, or idle machines | Lean manufacturing |
| An area adjacent to a point on a product line for the temporary storage of partially completed products | Buffer zone |
| The amount of time it takes for a manufacturing process to be competed | Cycle time |
| A German work meaning ‘beat o rhythm’. It is used in lean manufacturing to describe the maximum amount of time in which a product must be produced to meet consumer demand | Takt time |
| A functioning or non-functioning pre-production model that can be used to evaluate with potential consumers | Prototype |
| The use of logos, colours, typeset/letter fonts, and slogans to promote customer loyalty | Brand identity |
| The process of passing a marketing message from one person to many others using social media | Viral marketing |
| The stages of a product from introduction, growth and maturity to decline | Product life cycle |
| Someone who both designers and makes products | Design-maker |
| A person with initiative who invests capital in a project or idea | Entrepreneur |
| A technique used to draw the front, plan and end elevation of an object | Orthographic projection |
| A technique used to draw the hidden details and internal features of an object | Sectional drawings |
| A 3D drawing technique using 30° lines - typically for sketching | Isometric |
| Using a 3D box and constructing drawings in side of them, parallel to the outer lines of the box | Crating |
| 3D drawings: drawings that use one or two vanishing points. They are often used for design ideas or presentation drawings | Perspective drawing |
