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level: Periodic Table and Atoms

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Periodic Table and Atoms

QuestionAnswer
What side of the periodic table do metals lie on?left
What is the relationship between number of outer electrons of an element & group number?Same group number = same number of outer electrons
How many outer electrons does group 0 have on the periodic table?8
What are group 1 elements called?Alkali metals
How reactive are alkali metals?very reactive
What happens when alkali metals react with water?they release hydrogen gas
How many outer electrons do alkali metals have?1
Due to their reactivity, where are alkali metals stored?under oil
What are group 7 elements called?Halogens
How reactive are the halogens?very reactive
Are the halogens metals or non-metals?non metals
How many outer electrons do the halogens have?7
What are group 0 elements called?Noble Gases
How reactive are the noble gases?very unreactive
Are the noble gases metals or non-metals?non-metals
How many outer electrons do the noble gases have?8
Why are the noble gases not 'Group 8'?their lack of reactivity gives them a valency of 0 they are now called group 0
Why are the noble gases monatomic?they exist as single atoms not bonded to each other they are already stable
What are the similiarities between elements in the same group?Same number of outer electrons similar chemical properties
What are the middle block elements?Elements between group 2 & 3
What are the middle block elements called?Transition metals
What can many transition metals be used as?Catalysts
What subatomic particles are atoms made of?Protons, neutrons, electrons
Describe Rutherford's Gold Foil ExperimentRutherford fired beam of positively charged alpha particles at thin gold foil. Most particles passed through foil without being deflected, some were deflected occasionally. This is because the centre of the atom is positively charged + repels positively charged particles, while the rest of an atom is empty space.
What is the name of this diagram?Rutherford's Atomic Model
describe Rutherford's atomic modelshows positively charged nucleus containing protons with negatively charged electrons in orbit outside the nucleus
What is the mass of a proton?1
What is the charge of a proton?1+
What is the location of a protoninside nucleus
What is the mass of a neutron?1
What is the charge of a neutron0
What is the location of a neutron?inside nucleus
What is the mass of an electron?almost zero
what is the charge of an electron1-
what is the location of an electron?in energy levels outside nucleus
why are atoms neutral?they contain the same number of positive protons as negative electrons
atomic number is the same as what number of subatomic particles?protons
what is mass number?number of protons + number of neutrons
how are electrons arranged?in energy levels around the nucleus
What does this diagram show us?nuclide notation
in nuclide notation, what does the top left number show us?mass number
in nuclide notation, what does the bottom left number show us?atomic number
how do you calculate number of neutronsmass number - atomic number
calculate the number of neutrons from this diagram2
An atom has 13 protons and 14 neutrons. What is the nuclide notation for this atom?...
What are isotopes?atoms with the same atomic number and a different mass number
what does this diagram show usisotopes
What does a sample of an element contain?A mixture of all the isotopes
What is the relative atomic mass of isotopes?average mass of isotopes in a sample of an element
what do scientists use mass spectrometers for?finding: number of isotopes present mass of each isotope relative proportion of each isotope as percentage
what does m/z stand for in this diagram?mass of each isotope
what do the two peaks in this mass spectrum diagram tell us?there are two isotopes with mass of 35 & 37
how do you calculate relative atomic mass?...
A sample of magnesium contains three isotopes of masses 24, 25, 26. The relative atomic mass of magnesium is 24.3. What does this tell you about the relative abundance of these isotopes?There is a higher abundance of magnesium-24 in the sample, as the relative atomic mass is closest to 24.
How are electrons arranged in an atom?in energy levels/shells
what are energy levels?areas of space around the nucleus where electrons with certain energy will be found
Where are electrons with lowest energy found?nearest the nucleus
where are electrons with highest energy foundthe energy levels furthest from nucleus
How many electrons does the first shell hold?2
how many electrons does the second shell hold8
how many electrons does the third shell hold?8
what is this diagram calledenergy level diagram
how are electrons placed on energy level diagrams?added to north, east, south and west paired when there are more than four
What is an ion?A charged atom
how are ions formed?when atoms gain or lose electrons
why do atoms form ions?to achieve stable electron arrangement
what is a stable electron arrangement?a full outer energy level of electrons
do metal atoms lose or gain electrons to become stable?lose
if an atom loses electrons to form ions does the charge become positive or negative?positive
in which energy level do atoms lose electrons?outer energy level
do non metal atoms lose or gain electrons to form ions?gain
If an atom gains electrons to form ions, does the charge become positive or negative?negative
What is the ion formula for strontium? Electron Arrangement: 2,8,18,8,2 Symbol: SrSr 2,8,18,8,2 → Sr 2,8,18,8²⁺
What is the ion formula for Nitrogen Electron Arrangement: 2,5 Symbol: NN 2,5 → N 2,8³⁻
What does this diagram show us?Ion symbol
What information can be extracted from Ion Symbols?mass no. atomic no. charge symbol
An ion has a charge of 2+. How many electrons has it lost or gained?Lost 2
How do you calculate ion symbol when given no. of protons, neutrons and electrons?Give atomic no. Calculate mass no. Calculate charge
How do you work out charge when given no. of protons neutrons and electrons?Charge= atomic no. - no. of electrons
Calculate the ion symbol with these values: 20 protons 20 neutrons 18 electrons...