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level: Evolution of Species

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Evolution of Species

QuestionAnswer
what is evolutionthe gradual change of a species over time which can lead to change within a species or production of a new species
what does the evolution process depend on?variation within a species there must be variation within a species for evolution to occur
what is a mutationa random change to an organisms genetic material (DNA) they are spontaneous and are the only source of new alleles
name environmental factors (mutagenic agents) that increase natural rate of mutationradiation chemicals
what is different type of effect can mutations have on an individuals ability to survive and reproduceadvantageous: increased ability to survive and reproduce disadvantageous: decreased ability to survive and reproduce neutral: no change on an individuals ability to survive and reproudce
what can new alleles produced by mutation result in?plants and animals becoming better adapted to their environment
what does variation within a population make possible?for a population to evolve over time in response to changing environmental conditions
describe the four stages in the evolution processspecies produce more offspring than the environment can sustain natural selection or survival of the fittest occurs when there are selection pressures the best adapted individuals in a population survive to reproduce, passing on the favourable alleles that confer the selective advantage these alleles increase in frequency within the population
what is meant by speciation?the formation of new species
what are the four stages of speciation?isolating mechanisms mutations natural selection speciation
describe the isolating mechanisms stage of speciationspeciation starts after a part of a population becomes isolated by an isolation barrier. This may be geographical: rivers, mountain ranges, etc ecological: differences in the level of an abiotic factor behavioural: birds with different mating behaviours or times when active
describe the mutation stage of speciationdifferent random mutation occur in each population
describe the natural selection stage of speciationnatural selection selects for different mutations in each group due to different selection pressures
describe the final stage of the speciation processeach sub population evolves until they become so genetically different that they are two different species
what is an adaptationan inherited characteristic that makes an organism well suited to survival in its environment/niche