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level: Transport Systems--Animals

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Transport Systems--Animals

QuestionAnswer
what are the three main parts of the mammalian circulatory systemblood (containing plasma, red blood cells and white blood cells) the heart the blood vessels
what does blood transportnutrients from the digestive system and oxygen from the lungs to respiring cells in addition it transports carbon dioxide from respiring cells to the lungs
what two types of cells does a mammals blood containred blood cells white blood cells (and plasma)
how does the structure of red blood cells make them suited to their purpose?biconcave provides a larger surface area to absorb more oxygen no nucleus allows more haemoglobin to be present haemoglobin attaches to oxygen
what is haemoglobina protein molecule found in red blood cells in blood vessels
what is the function of haemoglobinit can easily join with oxygen in areas of the body where there is a high oxygen concentration, like in the lung capillaries. When haemoglobin chemically combines with oxygen, oxyhaemoglobin is produced. When haemoglobin reaches areas of the body where the oxygen concentration is low, eg respiring cells, oxyhaemoglobin will quickly release the oxygen, which then diffuses into cells
What is the function of white blood cellsthey are part of the immune system and are involved in destroying pathogens (disease causing micro organisms like bacteria viruses and fungi)
what are the two types of white blood cells that destroy pathogensphagocytes and lymphocytes
what is the function of phagocytescarry out phagocytosis by engulfing and digesting pathogens
what is the function of lymphocytessome lymphocytes produce antibodies which destroy pathogens each antibody is specific to a particular pathogen they can also make memory cells so that if the pathogen micro organism enters the body again, it will be instantly recognised and destroyed quickly
name each chamber of the heart1 Right Atrium 2 Right Ventricle 3 Left Atrium 4 Left Ventricle
Why does the left ventricle have a thicker muscular wall than the right ventricle?The left side of the heart has to pump blood around the body whereas the right side only has to pump blood to the lungs
how many valves are located in the heartfour
what is the function of valvesto ensure that blood only flows in one direction through the heart to prevent the backflow of blood
where are the heart valves locatedbetween the atria and the ventricles as well as between the ventricles and the arteries leaving the heart
describe the pathway of blood in the heartdeoxygenated blood from all over the body enters the right atrium of the heart in the vena cava vein the blood is pumped into the right ventricle, through a valve and then away from the heart in the pulmonary artery. The pulmonary artery carries the deoxygenated blood to the right and left lung so that it can pick up oxygen. The now oxygen blood returns to the left atrium of the heart in the pulmonary vein. Blood flows from the left atrium, through a valve to the left ventricle and leaves the heart in the aorta, the largest artery in the body. The aorta artery will carry oxygen to cells in the body to be used for aerobic respiration Deoxygenated blood will then be returned to the vena cava by the coronary vein.
what is the hearta muscle made out of muscle cells it therefore requires its own blood supply, like any other muscle
where does the heart get its own blood supplyiti s provided by the coronary arteries these blood vessels branch off from the aorta and spread out over the surface of the heart, providing the heart/cardiac muscles with the glucose and oxygen they require for aerobic respiration
what can happen if the coronary arteries become blocked or narrowed in any waya heart attack can occur
describe the structure and function of the arteriesarteries carry blood away from the heart (carry oxygenated blood around the body - except the pulmonary artery) they have thick muscular walls a narrow central channel carry blood under a high pressure away from the heart - this can be felt as a pulse
what is the structure and function of the capillariesdescribed as exchange blood vessels as all exchange of materials between living cells and the blood supply occurs here they are thin walled - one cell thick have a large surface area form networks at tissues and organs to allow the efficient diffusion of materials
what is the structure and function of veinscarry blood towards the heart (carry deoxygenated blood, with the exception of the pulmonary vein) have thinner walls a wider channel carry blood under low pressure back towards the heart veins contain valves to prevent the backflow of blood