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level: Variation and Inheritance

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Variation and Inheritance

QuestionAnswer
what does combining genes from two parents contribute to?variation within a species
what is discrete variationsingle gene inheritance of characteristics where measurements fall into distinct groups
How can discrete variation be displayed?as a bar graph or pie chart
what is continuous variation?the polygenic inheritance of characteristics where there is a range of values from one extreme to the other
how can continuous variation be displayed?as a histogram when a curve is drawn, a bell shaped normal distribution curve is formed
what is a gene?a section of dna on a chromosome that codes for a characteristic
what is an allele?different forms of the same gene
what is meant by homozygous/ true breedingan individual with two copies of the same allele present
what is meant by heterozygousan individual with two different alleles present
what is a phenotype?the physical characteristics of an organism
what is a dominant alleleallele that always shows its effect as a phenotype and masks the presence of the other form
what is a recessive allelean allele that is masked by the dominant allele, it will only show its effect in the phenotype if both allele's are presnet
what is a genotypethe set of alleles possessed by an individual
what is meant by Pparent generation
what is meant by F1first (filial) generation
what is meant by F2second (filial) generation
what is a monohybrid crossthe model used to show the inheritance pattern of one characteristic
what is a punnett square used forto predict the results of any cross where the genotypes of the parents are known
why might predicted phenotypic ratios not match the actual resultfertilisation is a random process
what is a phenotypic ratiothe ratio of the appearance of the offspring produced in a geneticcs cross
what is a genotypic ratiothe ratio of genotypes of the offspring produced in a genetics cross