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level: Respiration

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Respiration

QuestionAnswer
does aerobic respiration or fermentation yield more atp?aerobic respiration
what type of energy is stored in glucose?chemical energy
how must the energy stored in glucose be released by all cells?through a series of enzyme-controlled reactions called respiration
what is the energy released from the breakdown of glucose used for?to generate ATP
what is ATP made up of?Adenosine Triphosphate one group of adenosine and three phosphate groups
What is the function of ATP?it allows energy to be transferred from process that release energy to processes that require energy
name a process that requires energycell division
name a process that releases energyrespiration
name four cellular activities energy transferred by ATP can be used for?muscle cell contraction cell division protein synthesis transmission of nerve impulses
what is aerobic respiration?a chemical reaction which releases the energy stored in glucose
why is aerobic respiration described as 'aerobic'?it takes place in the presence of oxygen
what is the word equation for the process of aerobic respiration?glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy
what is glucose broken down into during the first stage of aerobic respiration?two molecules of pyruvate
what is released during the breakdown of glucose in the first stage of aerobic respiration?two ATP molecules
where does the first stage of aerobic respiration take place?cytoplasm
describe the second stage of aerobic respirationeach pyruvate molecule is broken down into carbon dioxide and water
what is released during the second stage of aerobic respiration?enough energy to yield a large number of ATP molecules
where does the second stage of aerobic respiration take place?mitochondria
the higher the energy requirements of a cell, the more mitochondria are present in that cell. Why is this?the second stage of aerobic respiration releases the most atp and takes place in the mitochondria
in the absence of oxygen, what type of respiration takes place?fermentation (Fermentation pathway)
describe the first stage of fermentationglucose is broken down into two pyruvate molecules, and two atp molecules are released.
does the first stage of respiration require oxygen?no
during fermentation in animal cells, what happens to the pyruvate molecules produced?they are converted to lactate
where does the first stage of fermentation take place?the cytoplasm
what is the word equation for fermentation in animal cells?glucose → lactate + energy
during fermentation in plant and yeast cells, what happens to the pyruvate molecules?they are converted to carbon dioxide and ethanol
what is the word equation for fermentation in plant and yeast cells?glucose → carbon dioxide + ethanol + energy
how many atp molecules does the breakdown of each glucose molecule via fermentation yield?only the two initial atp molecules
does aerobic respiration or fermentation yield more atp?aerobic respiration
describe the first stage of aerobic respirationglucose is broken down into two pyruvate molecules, enough energy is released to yield two atp molecules
where is the process of fermentation completed?the cytoplasm