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level: Synthesis of seminar

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Synthesis of seminar

QuestionAnswer
Meningitis in newbornsEscherichia coli K1 Group B streptococci (Streptococcus agalctiae) Listeria monocytogenes Klebsiella pneumoniae
Meningitis in infants and little childrenGroup B streptococci (Streptococcus agalactiae) Neisseria meningitidis Haemophilus influenzae Streptococcus pneumoniae
Meningitis in children, teenagers and young adultsViruses (Coxackie A & B, Echoviruses, Herpes viruses, mumps virus) Neisseria meningitidis Streptococcus pneumoniae
Meningitis in elderly peopleStreptococcus pneumoniae Listeria monocytogenes Enterobacteriaceae Pseudomonas aeruginosa Acinetobacter baumannii
"Culture negative" meningitis (without paracites)Mycobacterium tuberculosis Candida albicans Cryptococcus neoformans Aspergillus Mucor Treponema pallidum Borrelia burgdorferi Leptospira interrogans Rickettsia rickettsiae Rickettsia prowazeki Coxiella burnetii Chlamydia psittaci Mycoplasma pneumoniae
"Culture negative" meningitis (only paracites)Toxoplasma gondii Plasmodium falciparum Naegleria fowlerii
Nosocomial meningitisStaphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus epidermidis Gram-negative rods (Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii) Enterococcus spp. Candida spp
What are the basic specimens for bacteriological diagnostics in CNS infection?Cerebrospinal fluid Blood (in 50-70% meningitis cases pathogen can be isolated from blood)
What are the additional specimens (depending on the case) for CNS infectionSkin rash scrapings (for Neisseria meningitidis )  Materials from a primal focus of infection (ear swab, sputum, urine, wound swab)  Nasopharyngeal swab (for carriage detection)  Swab of vagina (for colonization detection)
How do we collect CSF?Cerebrospinal fluid is collected aseptically from lumbar puncture. After proper antiseptic treatment of skin in lumbar area, the CSF sample is collected to sterile tubes preheated to 37°C. One part of CSF should be sent for direct microscopy. CSF should be sent immediately to the lab (in time no longer than 15 min in 37°C). In case of prolongation of transport (in 2h) temperature 37°C should be kept and never lowered under 30°C. For bacteriological culture, CSF should be also additionally added to a transport medium (preheated to 37°C) and sent in 37°C.