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level: 12.1 Glycolysis

Questions and Answers List

level questions: 12.1 Glycolysis

QuestionAnswer
Aerobic respiration- Requires O2 + produced CO2, H20 and much ATP
Anaerobic respiration- Takes place in the absence of O2 + produces lactase (in animals) - Ethanol + CO2 (in plants + fungi) - Only a little ATP in both cases
4 stages of aerobic respiration- Glycolysis - Link reaction - Krebs cycle - Oxidative phosphorylation
Glycolysis- The splitting of the 6 C glucose molecule into 2 3-C pyruvate molecules - Initial stage of both aerobic + anaerobic respiration - Occurs in cytoplasm - Can take place without oxygen
Link reaction- 3-carbon pyruvate molecules enter into a series of reactions which lead to the formation of acetylcoenzyme A (2 C molecule) - Matrix of mitochondria
Krebs cycle- Introduction of acetylcoenzyme A into a cycle of oxidation-reduction reactions - Yield some ATP, large quantity of reduced NAD and FAD - Matrix of mitochondria
Oxidative phosphorylation- Electrons derived from reduced NAD + FAD bind w/ O2 - The energy released from these oxid-red reactions is used for synthesis of ATP from ADP + pi - Inner membrane of mitochondria
4 stages of glycolysis- Phosphorylation of glucose to glucose phosphate - Splitting of the phosphorylated glucose - Oxidation of triose phosphate - The production of ATP
Phosphorylation of glucose to glucose phosphate- Before it can be split into 2 - Glucose first made more reactive by the addition of 2 phosphate molecules (phosphorylation) - The Pi mols come from hydrolysis of 2 ATP molecules to ADP - Lowers activation energy for the enzyme-controlled reactions that follow
Splitting of the phosphorylated glucose- Phosphorylated glucose split into 2 3-carbon molecules, TP
Oxidation of triose phosphate- H2 is removed from each of the 2 TP mols - Transferred to NAD to form reduced NAD
The production of ATP- TP converted into 3 C pyruvate - 2 mols of ATP are regenerated from ADP
Energy yields from glycolysisYield from 1 glucose molecule undergoing glycolysis: - 2 ATP (4 ATP produced, but 2 were used up in phosphorylation of glucose + so net increase is 2 molecules) - 2 reduced NAD (these have the potential to provide energy to produce more ATP) - 2 pyruvate