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level: Level 1 of The immune system

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1 of The immune system

QuestionAnswer
What is antigen ?Causes an immune response
What is a pathogenA microorganisms that causes disease
The 4 types of cells-memory t and B cell - Tc t killer cell -Th helper cell - B cell
Vaccinations trigger what immune responsePrimary
What is the cellular responseReplication of t killer cells that detect antigens , that release perforating proteins which punch holes to cause the cell to break . The memory t and B cells remain
The humoral responseB cells activate and Replicate and make monoclonal antibodies . They agglutinate (glu =stops movement ) of the pathogen . They engulf and kill the pathogen by phagocytosis.
After 7 years of having HIV what do you develop ?AIDS
What is HIV?Replicatayee and kills the host cell
Treatment for HIVAntiviral drugs
non specific defencesTears , mucus , cilia , skin
Specific defencesT lymphocytes- reception protein B lymphocytes- antibody protein - 2 binding sites
Secondary immune response/ vaccination occurredVaccination extra steps - Dead pathogen injected Phagocytes t and B cells activated 2nd . Memory t and B cells activated to bind to the antigen . B cells replicate so more antibodies . So more antibody - antigen complexes . The pathogen is killed.
The types of immunityPassive and active
Passive immunity …Doesn’t require exposure to antigen , Protection is immediate , memory cells are not produced . Protection is short term because the antibodies are broken down
What is active immunity?Requires exposure to antigen . It takes a while to develop protection . Memory cells are produced so protection is long term
T cell has1 binding site Receptor protein
B cell has2 binding sides (Y) Antibody protein
Antibody structureQuaternary structure 4 poly peptide chains held by disulphide bonds 2 antigen binding sites .
Phagocytosis trigger wordsEngulf Digest Display
Phagocytosis description with 3 wordsEngulf - extend membrane over the virus and encloses in a vesicle Digest - lysosomes fuse with the vesicle and the enzymes from the lysosomes hydrolyse the molecule and kill it . Display - the viral antigens are displayed on the phagocytes membrane
Key trigger word for when describing secondary immune responseFASTER