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level: Body Temperature (and keme)

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Body Temperature (and keme)

QuestionAnswer
Heat produced - heat lost = body temperaturebody temperature
2 kinds of temperatureCore and surface temperature
Acceptable temperature range98.6 to 99.5 degree Fahrenheit 36 to 37 degree Celsius
Temperature sites:1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Temperature sites: 1Oral
Temperature sites: 2Rectal
Temperature sites: 3Tympanic membrane
Temperature sites: 4Temporal artery
Temperature sites: 5Esophageal
Temperature sites: 6pulmonary artery
Factors that affect heat production:1 2 3 4 5
Factors that affect heat production: 1Basal metabolic rate
Factors that affect heat production: 2Thyroxine output
Factors that affect heat production: 3Muscle activity
Factors that affect heat production: 4Epinephrine, norepinephrine, and sympathetic stimulation/ stress response
Factors that affect heat production: 5fever
Heat loss:Radiation Conduction Convection Evaporation
Heat loss: Heat is lost when for example, the infant is near cold surfaces. heat is lost from the infant's body to the sides of the crib or incubator and to the outside walls or windows.Radiation
Heat loss: Occurs when the infant comes in contact with cold objects or surfaces such as a scale, a circumcision restraint board, cold hands, or a stethoscope.Conduction
Heat loss: Occurs when drafts come from open doors, air conditioning, or even air currents created by people moving about.Convection
Heat loss: Can occur during birth or bathing from moisture on skin, as a result of wet linens or clothes, and from insensible water loss.Evaporation
3 main parts of body temp regulator:1 2 3
3 main parts of body temp regulator: 1Sensors in the periphery and in the core
3 main parts of body temp regulator: 2Integrator in the hypothalamus
3 main parts of body temp regulator: 3Effector system that adjusts the production and loss of heat.
Age Diurnal variations (circadian rhythms) Exercise Hormones Stress EnvironmentFactors Affecting Body Temperature
Alterations in Body Temperature:Fever (pyrexia): Hyperthermia, febrile, afebrile 1. Intermittent 2. Remittent 3. Relapsing 4. constant Fever spike Not true fever: heat exhaustion, heat stroke
Nursing Interventions for Clients with FeverMonitor vital signs Assess skin color and temperature Monitor white cbc, hematocrit value, and other pertinent laboratory reports for indications of infection or dehydration. Remove excess blankets when the client feels warm, but provide extra warmth when the client feels chilled. Provide adequate nutrition and fluids (e.g., 2.5-3liters/day) to meet the increased metabolic demands and prevent dehydration Measure intake and output Reduce physical activity to limit heat production, especially during the flush stage Administer antipyretics (drugs that reduce the level of fever) as ordered. Provide oral hygiene to keep the mucous membranes moist Provide a tepid sponge bath to increase heat loss through conduction provide dry clothing and bed linens.
Decreased body temperature, pulse, and respirations Sever shivering (initially) Feelings of cold and chills Pale, cool, waxy skin Frostbite (discolored, blistered nose, fingers, toes) Hypotension Decreased urinary output Lack of muscle coordination Disorientation Drowsiness progressing to comahypothermia
Nursing Interventions for Clients with HypothermiaProvide a warm environment Provide dry clothing Apply warm blankets Keep limbs close to body Cover the client's scalp with a cap or turban Supply warm oral or intravenous fluids Apply warming pads
Most common sites for body temperature vital signs:Oral Rectal Axillary Tympanic membrane Skin/temporal artery
Sites for measuring body temperature: Most frequently used, least disruptive, most convenient, done for 3 minutesOral
Sites for measuring body temperature: Most accurate route, but invasive and uncomfortable to patient. Done for 2-3 minutesRectal
Sites for measuring body temperature: Safer than oral method, non-invasive, least accurate Done for 10 minutesAxillary
Sites for measuring body temperature: accessible, less invasive Within two seconds up/back for adult and down/back for pediaTympanic membrane
Sites for measuring body temperature: Most useful for infants and children when a more invasive measurement is not necessary.Forehead temperature measurement
Types of thermometer:One-piece home electronic thermometer Institutional mode Chemical disposable thermometer: Chemical dot thermometers Temperature-sensitive skin tape. Infrared (tympanic) thermometer Infrared Forehead Thermometer Gun Pacifier thermometer Temporal artery thermometer
Quick quiz: You have delegated vital signs to assistive personnel. The assistant informs you that the patient has just finished a bowl of hot soup. The nurse's most appropriate advice would be to: a. Take a rectal temperature b. Take the oral temperature as planned c. Advise the patient to drink a glass of cold water d. Wait 30 minutes and take an oral temperatured
Temperature scales: for Celsius from FahrenheitFahrenheit temperature-32 multiplied by 5 and overall divided by 9
Temperature scales: Fahrenheit from CelsiusCelsius temperature multiplied by 9 then divided by 5 and add 32 to the product or answer.