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level: TISSUE PARASITE: TOXOPLASMOSIS

Questions and Answers List

level questions: TISSUE PARASITE: TOXOPLASMOSIS

QuestionAnswer
An obligate coccidian parasite that is asymptomatic in humans but causes disease in congenitally infected infants and immunodeficient and occasionally in immune competent individual?TOXOPLASMA GONDII
TOXOPLASMA GONDII life cycle in non feline phase1) Oocyst she in cat feces sporulate in 1-5 days 2) intermediate host ingest Oocyst contaminated food, water 3)Oocyst transform into TACHYZOITES. In nueral and muscle tissue, they develop into tissue Cyst. 4) cats become reinfected 5) human become infected.
humans get infected by TOXOPLASMA GONDII by1) ingestion of raw/ undercooked meat containing cyst 2) ingestion of Oocysts in contaminated water or food 3) blood transfusion or organ transplant (less common) 4) from mother to fetous 5)accidental sticks with contaminated needles or exposure of lesions/ mucosal surface to parasite
trophozoite infect all cells in host except?RBCs
pheline phase os life cycle of TOXOPLASMA GONDII1) sex gametes mate to form Oocyts 2) Oocyst pass in cat feces 3) after 2-3 days Oocyst become sporozoites ingested by feline to continue life cycle
human infection of TOXOPLASMA GONDII from cats occurssporozoites infect humans when cleaing cat litter
in transplantation transmission of TOXOPLASMA GONDII ,low risk transmission to fetus if mother is infected?more than 6 months before conception
high risk transmission if mother is infectedlee than 6 months before conception
infection of TOXOPLASMA GONDII in first trimester is at ?15%
infection of TOXOPLASMA GONDII in 3rd trimester65%
infected infants with TOXOPLASMA GONDII are usually asymptomatic. infant can later suffer from?chronic leaning difficulty and neurological sequelae
most infected women are asymptomiatic so screening should occur?in women who intend to become pregnant
TOXOPLASMA GONDII bradyzoites and Oocyst are found in ?Bradyzoites are found in tissue, Oocyst are found in cat feces
host response includeSecretory IgA, cell death, necrosis and inflammatory response.
host response in immunocompromised individuals where Tarchyzoites persist?necrotisisnf encephalitis, pneumonia, myocarditis
pathology of tachyzoites and bradyzoitestachyzoites: cell death, necrosis, mononuclear inflammatory response. bradyzoites: yield only inflammatory response. cyst eventually rupture.
infected organs in TOXOPLASMA GONDII includelymph nodes, eyes, brain. lungs, heart and GIT
clinical features and pathology of TOXOPLASMA GONDII1) in immunocompromised pts: toxoplasmic encephalitis most frequently seen in AIDS due to recrudescence. altered mantal status, seizures, fever and nerological findings. pneumonia, h. failure, liver failure and retinitis.
clinical pathology in immunocompetent patients80/90 % show no symptoms but lymphadenopathy, malaise, headahes, fever <40 degrees celcius. infectious mono syndrome. vary rare : fever polymyositis, encephalitis, pnemonia and myocarditis
congenital toxoplasmosis includehypoxia, hypoglycemia, hydrocephalus, visual impairment and death
occular infection of TOXOPLASMA GONDII due to congenital infection show symptoms such as?blurred vision, scotoma, photophobia and glaucoma
lab diagnosis of TOXOPLASMA GONDIIculture, serology, PCR, ELISA, Immunoassays. amniotic fluid analysis for B1 gene, igg/igm titres
acute/Prior infection of TOXOPLASMA GONDII is associated wiht which form of the parasite?TACHYZOITES: acute infection BRADYZOITES: Prior infection
treatment of congenital TOXOPLASMA GONDII infectionPYRIMETHAMINE AND SULFADIAZINE FOR I YR
TRETEMENT OF TOXOPLASMOSIS IN IMMUNOCOMPETENT INDIVIDUAlPYRIMETHAMINE AND SULFADIAZINE OR CLINDOMYCIN insever presentations.
toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised individualprimary prophylaxis (before infection): compromoxazole and pyrimethamine- sulfadiazine or depsone pyrimethamine or atovaqone.