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level: Level 1

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

QuestionAnswer
the sitter also structure of the eye include theeyebrows, eyelashes, lids, and the lacrimal apparatus
tears are made ofwatery secretions that contain salt, mucus, and a bactericidal enzyme
the sclera gives shape to the eye and,because of its toughness, protects the intraocular structures
the cornea is thecentral anterior portion of the sclera
four basic processes necessary to form an image:1. refraction 2. accommodation 3. constriction 4. convergence
refractionthe eye is unable to bend light rays so that the rays fall onto the retina
accommodationthe eye can focus on objects at various distances it focuses the image of an object on the retina by changing the curvature of the lens
constrictionthe size of the pupil, which is controlled by the dilator and contractor muscles of the iris’s, regulates the amount of light entering the eye
convergencemedial movement of both eyes allows light rays from an object to hit the same point on both retinas
distant vision20/20 (able to read line 11 of eye chart at a distance of 20 ft)
near visionable to read newspaper print at 14 inches
peripheral visionside vision 90 degrees from central visual axis; upward 50 degrees, downward 70 degrees
eye movementcoordinated eye movement bilaterally
color perceptionable to properly identify colors of major groups: red, blue, and green
the most commonly performed examination is the snellen test, whichassesses visual acuity, which the patient is placed 20 feet from the snellen chart and asked to read lines
a centralized black dot is used as the point of reference, the patient asked to view the grid, concentrating onthe dot, and report areas of discoloration
today the measurement of intraocular pressure (tanometry) is donemost commonly by puffing air onto the surface of the open eye
exotropiaa form of strabismus in which one or both eyes form outward, away from the conea
esotropiaa form of strabismus in which one or both eyes turn in the direction of the nose
hyperopiacondition of farsightedness
myopiacondition of nearsidedness
congenital blindnessresults from various birth defects
acquired blindness in adults occurs as a resultof disorders such as diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, cataracts, retinal degeneration, infections, tumors, and acute trauma
laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) is a procedure in which first a norneal flap is folded back andthen an axcimer laser removes some of the internal layers of the cornea
commonly called pinkeye, causes of conjunctivitis may bebacterial or viral infections, allergies, or environmental factors
pink eye involved inflammation of theconjunctiva
complaints of dry eye, caused by a variety of ocular disorders, are characterized by decreased tear secretion or increased tear film evaporationkeratoconjuctivits wicca (dry eye) is caused by lacrimal gland dysfunction, usually a result of an autoimmune dysfunction
Sjogren syndrome (an autoimmune disorder characterized by deficient fluid production by the lacrimal, salivary, and other glands, resulting in abnormal dryness of the mouth, eyes, and other mucus membranes medical management:for dry eye includes artificial tear replacement