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level: key terms

Questions and Answers List

level questions: key terms

QuestionAnswer
define surgerythe area of medicine that addresses diseases, conditions, and traumatic injuries that are difficult or impossible to treat only with medicine
ablativeexcision or removal of diseased body parts (e.g., amputation, removal of appendix, cholecystectomy)
define palliativesurgery for relief or reduction of intensity of disease symptoms; will not produce cure (e.g., colostomy, debridement of necrotic tissue)
define perioperativeperiod encompasses the preoperative phase
preoperativebefore surgery
define intraoperativephase during surgery
postoperativephase after surgery
informed consentpermission to perform a specific test or procedure before any procedure has begun
atelectasisan abnormal condition characterized by the collapse of lung tissue
thrombusan accumulation of platelets, fibrin, and cellular elements of the blood attached to the interior wall of a vessel, sometimes occluding the lumen
embolusa traveling or mobilized clot
infarctlocalized area of necrosis
incisionscuts produced surgically by a sharp instrument to create an opening into an organ or body space
Anasthesiaabsence of all sensation, including pain ( "an" meaning without "esthesia" meaning awareness of feelings)
define conscious sedation more recently referred to as moderate sedationpt is given drugs in that depress the central nervous system or provide analgesia to relieve anxiety or provide amnesia during surgical diagnostic procedures
define prosthesisan artificial replacement for missing parts of the body
surgical asepsisusing sterile technique to protect against infection before, during, or after surgery
define drainage or exudatefluids from body cavity, wound, or other source of discharge that slowly sees from cells, tissue, or blood vessels through small pores or breaks in cell membrane
define extubatepatient remove endotracheal tube from airway
define dehiscencethe separation of surgical incisions or rapture of a wound closure
define cachexiaill health, malnutrition, and wasting as a result of chronic disease
define eviscerationProtrusion of an internal organ through a wound or surgical incision, especially in the abdominal wall
define paralytic ileusa significant decrease in or absence of intestinal peristalsis that may occur after abdominal surgery, peritoneal trauma, severe metabolic disease, and other conditions
define elective surgeryperformed on bases of the pt choice such as bunionectomy, plastic surgery
define urgent surgerynecessary for pt survival health such as excision of cancerous tumor, removal of gallbladder for stones, vascular repair for obstructed artery
define emergency surgery or emergent surgerymust be done immediately to save for preserve function of the body part such as removal of perforated appendix, repair of traumatic amputation, control of internal hemorrhaging
define anastomosissurgical joining of two ducts or blood vessels to allow flow from one another; to bypass an area (example: billroth, joins stomach and duodenum)
surgical terminology define -ectomysurgical removal of ( example: cholecystectomy, removal of the gallbladder)
surgical terminology define lysisdestruction or dissolution of (exmaple: lysis of adhesions removal of adhesions)
surgical terminology define -orraphysurgical repair ( herniorrhaphy, repair of a hernia)
surgical terminology define -oscopydirect visualization with a scope (example: cystoscopy, direct visualization of the bladder and urethra by means of a cystoscope)
surgical terminology define -ostomyopening made to allow passage of drainage (example: ileostomy, formation of an opening of the ileum onto the surface of the abdomen for passage of feces)
surgical terminology define -pexyfixation of (example: cecopexy, fixation or suspension of of the cecum to correct its excessive mobility)
surgical terminology define -plastyplastic surgery (example: mammoplasty, reshaping of the breast to reduce, lift, reconstruct)
define inpatient surgical settingpt hospitalization for surgery
define one-day(some day surgery) surgical settingpt is admitted that day surgery is scheduled and discharged the same day
define outpatient surgical settingpt (not hospitalized) is admitted to either short stay unit or directly to the surgical site
define short stay surgical center surgical settingindependently owned agency; surgery is performed when overnight hospitalization is nit required ( also called ambulatory surgical center or 1 day surgery center)
define short stay unit surgical settingdepartment or floor where a pt stay does not exceed 24 hours (sometimes referred to as an outpatient/observation unit)
define mobile surgery unit surgical settinga unit that moves from place to place; it moves to the pt instead of the pt traveling to the unit
what is the preoperative consideration using garlicpotential for increasing bleeding
what is the preoperative consideration using gingko bilobapotential increase for bleeding
what is the preoperative consideration using st johns wortshould not be used with other psychoactive drugs, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, or serotonin reuptake inhibitors; discontinue before surgery because possible drug interaction
define surgical effects on the body systems if a pt has seizuresensure anti-seizure medication are at therapeutic levels to prevent postoperative seizures
define surgical effects on the body systems if a pt has respiratory disorderslung capacity is decreased and gas exchanged slowly; anesthetic agents reduce respiratory function, increased risk is sever hypoventilation
define surgical effects on the body systems if a pt has cardiovascular diseaseshypotension & cardiac dysthymia's disease most common complication; early recognition & management before these complications become serious enough to diminish cardiac output depend on frequent assessment of pt vitals
define why a surgery for which coughing would be contradicted or modified for intracranialcough increases pressure (ICP), leading to cerebrospinal fluid leakage
define why a surgery for which coughing would be contradicted or modified for eyecoughing increases ICO, which then increases intraocular pressure, causing pressure on suture line
define why a surgery for which coughing would be contradicted or modified for earif pt must cough, mouth must be kept open to prevent pressure backup through Eustachian tube to middle ear, causing pressure on suture line
define why a surgery for which coughing would be contradicted or modified for noseif pt must cough, mouth must be kept open to prevent dislodgment of a clot with subsequent bleeding
define why a surgery for which coughing would be contradicted or modified for throatvigorous coughing may dislodge a clot subsequent bleeding
define why a surgery for which coughing would be contradicted or modified for spinalcoughing increases spinal canal pressure
nursing implications for diazepam( valium) for the preoperative periodmonitor for respiratory depression, hypotension, drowsiness, and lack of coordination puts patient at fall risk
nursing implications for H2 receptor antagonist such as famotidine (Pepcid) or ranitidine (Zantac) for the preoperative periodmonitor for confusion and dizziness which put pt at fall risk
nursing implications for antiemetics such as metoclopramide (reglan) or droperidol (inapsine) or zofran for the preoperative periodmonitor for sedation & extrapyramidal reaction ( involuntary muscle movement, muscle tone change, abnormal posture); instruct pt to report any difficulty breathing
anticoagulants special implications for the surgical patientwarfarin and aspirin are stopped several days before surgery; they prolong clotting times, which may lead to hemorrhage
antihypertensives special implications for the surgical patientmay cause hypotension when combined with anesthetic agents & narcotics used for pain control
anti seizure drugs special implications for the surgical patientlongtime use of certain seizure drugs such as dilantin, phenobarbital can interact with anesthetic drugs
corticosteroids special implications for the surgical patientif used for a long time may prolong bleeding & hamper the body's ability to heal; also may decrease the bodies ability to deal with the stress of surgery as a result of suppression of the adrenal glands
diuretics special implications for the surgical patientbecause of fluid loss during surgery, they can cause hypotension after surgery and decreased serum potassium levels
herbal therapies special implications for the surgical patientseveral therapies can affect clotting time ginseng may increase hypoglycemia with insulin therapy; therapies boxes for potential complication that may occur when herbal therapies are combined with traditional medications
NSAIDS special implications for the surgical patientinhibit platelet function and may prolong bleeding, leading to possible hemorrhage
what does a circulating nurse docount sponges, needles, and instruments with scrub nurse before surgery
what does a scrub nurse docount sponges, needles, insruments with circulating nurse; observe progress of surgical procedure