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level: Barlett's theory of reconstructive memory

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Barlett's theory of reconstructive memory

QuestionAnswer
What are schemas?An organised system of information or knowledge that we have on a particular event or situation.
How do schemas develop?Through personal experiences and influence how we perceive and remember.
What do schemas help us do?Make more sense of the world around and helps us to 'fill in the gaps'
What is active reconstruction?A memory that is not an exact copy of what you experience, but a reconstructive of the event that has been influence by your schemas.
What are 2 ways that our schemas affect recall and memory?Familiarisation and omissions
What is familiarisation?Changing unfamiliar details so that they fit our own schemas
What is omissions?When we leave out details
What are 2 reasons for these changes?Rationalisation and transformations
What is rationalisation?Adding details to give more meaning to something that may not have fitted with original schema.
What is transformations?When the details are changed
What does Bartlett think about memories?They are active reconstructions that are affected by our schemas that are unique to us and formed through life experiences.
What is one way Bartlett found that schemas affect our memory?Omissions
What is an example of omissions that Bartlett found?Participants left out unfamiliar place name when why retold 'war of the ghosts'
What is one way Bartlett found that schemas affect our memory?Transformations
What is an example of transformations that Bartlett found?Ppts changed canoes to boats, making it more more familiar and meaningful (familiarisation and rationalisation
Strength of Bartlett's theory of reconstructive memory?Has real life application, it can help understanding of eyewitness testimony and why it may be unreliable.
Strength of Bartlett's theory of reconstructive memory?Used storytelling as a memory task which is something people do in everyday life, this means it has high ecological validity.
A weakness of Bartlett's theory of reconstructive memory?Lacked control, did not control the time intervals, low internal validity
A weakness of Bartlett's theory of reconstructive memory?Not subjective because it a holistic approach in his research. More interested in individual memoires rather than using scientific methods to support theory.