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level: Level 1

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

QuestionAnswer
Cardiac output =....Stroke volume * heart rate
Define stroke volumestroke volume is the difference between the end diastolic volume end systolic volume
What is the ventricular compliance curve?relationship between venous pressure and ventricular volume. The higher the venous pressure the more the heart fills in diastole.
What is preload?Tension on the ventricular wall at the end of diastole (just before contraction) The more stretched the myocytes the greater contraction which can occur.
Starlings LawThe more the heart fills, the harder it contracts. The harder it contracts the bigger the stroke volume. (Rise in venous pressure automatically leads to rise in stroke volume)
What is afterload?The tension the ventricular wall during contraction, (it is the resistance that must be overcome for the ventricle to eject it's content). It is approximated by systolic ventricular (or arterial) pressure.
What happens to SV when venous pressure rises?SV rises
What happens to SV when arterial pressure falls?SV rises
Where are the baroreceptors which control the autonomic outflow?Carotid sinus
How to falls in arterial pressure lead to increased heart rate?Increasing sympathetic activity (increase contractility) Reducing parasympathetic activity
What does rise in venous pressure causeincrease stroke volume (Starlings Law) increase heart rate (reduced parasympathetic activity)