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level: HAEMOPHILUS

Questions and Answers List

level questions: HAEMOPHILUS

QuestionAnswer
The haemophilus species have 3 subgroups that are of clinical improtance, what are they1)H. influezae: causes meningitis, otitis media, cellulitis, pneuonia, epiglottitis and bronchitis 2)H. ducreyi: soft sore or chancroid 3)H aegyptius: conjunctivitis
the blood loving organism requires which factors to growfactor X and V which are available on chocolate agar.
microscoptic features of H. influenzeAgram neg coccobaccili: non sporin non motile. some starins posses polysaccharide capsule. 6 strains. a,b,c,d,e and f. strain b (Hib) causes 95% of invasive disease
before introduction of vaccines, leading cause of bacterial meningitis and other invasive bacterial disease inchidren under 5 is?Hib. The vaccine is Hib conjugate vaccine
mode of transmissiondroplets discharge from upper resp tract. most common portal of entry is nasopharynx.
infectious periodas long as organism is present. non infectious within 24-48 hrs after start of antibiotics
reserviourshumans. children and adults are carriers
virulence factors of H influenzae1) capsular polusaccharide 2) lipopolysaccharide 3)IgA protease 4)pili
clinical presentationof H. influenzae1)meningitis: fever, headaches, stiffneck, photophobia, seizures and coma in infants, poor feeding and bulging fontanelle in chidren 2mths-2 years: mortality and neurological complications are high. 2) epiglottis: second most common infection of H. influenzae in children 3-18months. sudden onset sore throat and fever, shortness of breath, obstructied airways, difficulty to swallow. life threatening 3) pnemonia 4) celluitis 5) septic arthritis.
specimen for lab diagnosis of H. influenzaespecimen: csf and blood, nasopharyngeal swab, pus, sputum, aspirate from join and throat swab
Lab diagnosis of H. influenzae1)gram stain and culture on chocalte agar for factor X and V. satellitism with stap aureus. 2)capsular detection by quellung rxn or latex agglut. test. 3)slide agglut. test.
lab identification of H. influenzaeGram neg coccobacilli. require factor X and V from chocolate agar. presence of 5-10% cO2 to enhance growth. cannot grow on nutrient agar. catalase and oxidase pos. satellitsim for S. aurus which acts as a source of factor V(NADP co enzyme) FActor X is found in blood.
treatment of H. influnzae1) sulphonaides: trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole 2) chloramphenicol 3) ciprofloxacin 4)ampicillin 5) cefotaxime 6) ceftazidime
preventation and control of H. influnzaePRP vaccine, conjugate PRP antibiotic chomoprophylaxis with rifampin.
causative agent of soft sore or chancroidH. ducreyi.
virulence factor of H, ducreyipilli, outer embrane protien
microscopic characteristics of H ducreyigram negative coccobaccili: shows bipolar staining. occurs in parrallel chains "school fish r rail road track" grow on CAM- chorioallantonic membrane of live chick embryo grow on chacolate agar with factor X but not V
treatment of H ducreyiazithromycin, ceftrixone, cipro and tetracyclin
H. aegyptius causes highly infectious form of acute conjunctivitis, what are its microscopic characteristics?gram negative bacillus: requires the same growth factor as H. influenzae( factor X and V on chocolate agar). thus sometimes called H. influeza biotypeIII.