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level: INTRO TO BOTANY AND PLANT CELL

Questions and Answers List

level questions: INTRO TO BOTANY AND PLANT CELL

QuestionAnswer
Branch of biology which deals with the structure, physiology, reproduction, evolution, diseases, economic uses, and other feature of plants.Botany
He wrote the 10-volume book, Historia Plantarum(Inquiry into Plants) The writing includes plant structure, reproduction, growth, varieties of plants around the world. Woods and wild and cultivated plants. The uses of plants especially their medicinal uses.Theophrastus
What special feature separates plants from animals?They can produce their own food throug the process of photosynthesis
He is a greek philosopher who compared plant nutrition to animal nutritionAristotle
The Father of BotanyTheophrastus
Identified some variety of plantsRomans
During this time, the study of botany is carried out in the monasteries and even gardens by wealthy individuals 16th century, a chief botanical book "herbals" was produced Often a mixture of observation of plant structure and behaviour of plants, superstitions and mythology of plants. put emphasis on the studies of edible and medicinal plants and the description of the forms of other plantsMedieval and Renaissance Periods
Contains wood cut illustrations of plants that are described in asia and america."Herbals" botanical book
17th-18th Century debunked different superstition and mythology of plants in the middle ages.Modern Period
Established some of the principles of platn classification and also named many species of plant. He created scientific naming system.Carolus Linnaeus
A scientific naming system created by Carolus LinnaeusBinomial Nomenclature
Subdisciplines of BotanyPlant Molecular Biology Plant Biochemistry Plant Cell Biology Plant Anatomy Plant Morphology Plant Physiology Plant Genetics Plant Ecology Plant Systematics Plant Taxonomy Paleobotany
A study of the structure and functions of the biological molecules like proteins, nucleic acid, carbohydrate.Plant Molecular Biology
The study of the different chemical interaction of plants including the variety of chemicals that plants produce. The focus here is to understand the cellular respiration and photosynthesis process of plants.Plant Biochemistry
Focuses on the structure, functions, and life processes of our plant cellsPlant Cell Biology
Focuses on the microscopic plant structures such as the tissues and cells of plants. Different cells and tissus of plantsPlant Anatomy
Focuses on the different structure of plant parts like the leaves, the roots and the stems including the evolution and development of plantsPlant Morphology
The study of the photosynthesis and mineral nutrition to understand how plants function. Study how the plants uses photosynthesis and mineral nutrition to make them work.Plant Physiology
Study of the heredity and variations of plants. more on the genes and plant variationsPlant Genetics
Studies the interrelationship between plants and their environment.Plant Ecology
A subdiscipline of systematics. Deals with the description, meaning, and classification of plants.Plant Taxonomy
Study of biology and the evolution of plants in the geological past.Paleobotany
What are the characteristics of plants?1 Plants are highly organized (composed of building blocks cells) 2 Plants take in and use energy 3 Plants respond to stimuli 4 Plants grow and develop 5 Plants reproduce 6 Plant DNA transmits information from one generation to the next 7 Plant populations undergo genetic changes over time.
What is a unicellular plant?plants which contains a one / single cell
What is a multicellular plant?plants which contains million of cells living in it
Examples of unicellular organismsbacteria, archaea, unicellular fungi, and unicellular protists
Examples of multicellular organismsAnimals, plants, and fungi
building blocks sequenceatom > molecules > organelles > cells > tissues > organs > organ system
What are the two plant energy related activities?1 Photosynthesis 2 Cellular Respiration
What are the products of photosynthesisOxygen and Glucose
What happens to cellular respiration after photosynthesis?The stored molecules will break down in the presence of oxygen and will be converted into energy in the form of ATP (Adrenosine Triphosphate)
Does plants respond to different changes in their environment?Yes
Reproduction in plants can be what?Sexual or Asexual
What does asexual reproduction in plants means?produces plants that are genetically identical to the parent plant because no mixing of male and female gametes takes place.
What does sexual reproduction in plants means?flowering plants involves the production of male and female gametes. Through pollination process
Does plants have the ability to adapt to changes in the environment?Yes
Taxa Classifications (General to Specific)1 Domain 2 Kingdom 3 Phylum 4 Class 5 Order 6 Family 7 Genus 8 Species
Domain consists of1 Bacteria 2 Archaea 3 Eukarya
Bacterias are heterotrophics, what does that mean?they obtain food and nutrition from other organisms
Bacteria that produce its own food or photosyntheticCyanobacteria
What is chemosynthetic organismPrimary source of energy comes from chemical reactions of inorganic molecules
What is the difference of bacterias and archaeas?Archaeas can live in extreme environments like dead seas, active volcanoes.
What is the Domain Eukarya consist of?1 Protista 2 Plantae 3 Animalia 4 Fungi
What are protistas/ protozoas?Algaes
Plantae1 Multicellular 2 Eukaryotes 3 Photosynthetic 4 Cell wall composed of cellulose
Animalia1 Multicellular 2 Eukaryotes 3 Heterotrophic 4 move through muscular contraction
Fungi1 can be multicellular or unicellular 2 eukaryotes
Example of a unicellular fungiyeast
Example of a multicellular fungimushroom
What are the difference of mushroom with other plantaeThey do not do photosynthesis. They are decomposers
What is decomposerThey absorb nutrients from dead organisms
A cell wall of fungi is composed of what?Chitin
Corn classificationdomain eukarya kingdom plantae phyla anthophyta class order family poaceae genus zea species mays
Eukaryote and Prokaryote comparisonEukaryote and Prokaryote comparison
Used for attachment long filamentous polymeric protein structures located at the surface of bacterial cells. They enable the bacteria to bind to specific receptor structures and thereby to colonise specific surfaces.Fimbriae
used for locomotion hairlike structure that acts primarily as an organelle of locomotion in the cells of many living organismsFlagella
The living surface membrane of a cell that acts as a selective barrier to the passage of materials into and out of the cellPlasma membrane
What is the function of plasma membraneregulates what can enter or what cannot enter inside a cell
the solute is lower than the normal amount outside -when the concentration of dissolved substances is greater inside the cell than the outside.- this will make a cell swell and bursthypotonic
The solute is higher in the outside environment compared to inside the cell -a cell without a cell wall will lose water to the environment- it can shrink the cellhypertonic
The plasma membrane is composed ofPhospholipid Bilayer
Passage of MaterialsDiffusion Osmosis Facilitated Diffusion Active Transport
In order for other substances to enter the plasma membrane, they need what?carrier proteins
the net movement of molecules from an area where they are at a higher concentration to areas where they are at a lower concentrationDiffusion
passage of water from a higher concentration water to lower concetration of water to a selectively permeable membrane -simply defined as the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane.-Osmosis
Protein carriers helped move substances from high to low concentrationFacilitated diffusion
Uses ATP or cellular energy in order to move the substances from lower to higher concentration. Substances carried are sodiumActive Transport
support and protect plant cell while providing passage routes of water and dissolve materials to enter and exit. provides strenght to the entire plant A comparatively rigid supporting wall exterior to the plasma membrane in plants, fungi, prokaryotes, and certain protists.Cell Wall
A cellular organelle that contains DNA and serves as the control center of the cellNucleus
Chromatine combined with histonechromosomes
a cellular organelle that is the site of protein synthesis. Formed when DNA undergoes Transcription processRibosomes
Plastids that have photosynthetic function convert light energy from sun to chemical energy contains thylakoid and stromaChloroplasts
membraneous stacks of thin, flat circular plastes; stack of thylakoids is called granumthylakoid
a jellylike fluid where grana is embedded; contains enzymes that catalyzes the chemical reactions of photosynthesisstroma
types of plastids1 chroloplasts 2 leucoplasts 3 chromoplasts
colorless plastid that form and stores starch, oils, proteins. found in seeds, stems, rootsleucoplasts
contains pigment that provides yellow, orange and red colors to certain flowers and also to ripe fruits formed from chloroplasts, when chlorophyll breaks downchromoplasts
an intercellular organelle associated with respiration; provides the cell with ATP. cellular respiration happens here. convert chemical energy in food molecule to ATP parts: Cristae and MatrixMitochondria
Produces protein and lipids An organelle composed of an interconnected network of internal membranes within eukaryotic cells Synthesizes the membranes for various organelles throughout the cell, including nuclear envelope and golgi apparatusEndoplasmic Reticulum
Serves as a factory for processing and packaging proteins and polysaccharides An organelle composed of a stacked flattened membranous sacs that modifies, packages, and sorts proteins that will be secreted or sent to the plasma membrane or other organellesGolgi Apparatus
help maintain its shape by making it turgid. stores water. a fluid-filled, membrane-bound sac within the cytoplasm that contains a solution of salts, ions, pigments, and other materialsVacuoles
network of fibers that extends throughout the cytoplasm and provides structure to a eukaryotic cellCytoskeleton
A special structure that moves the chromosomes during cell division (mitosis&meiosis) visible only when a cell undergoes cell divisionMicrotubules
a movement of cytoplasm within the cellcytoplasmic streaming