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level: Level 1

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

QuestionAnswer
If ventilation increases with no change in metabolism, what does that meanHyperventilation Increase in pO2 Decrease in pCO2
What happens when ventilation decreases with no change in metabolismHypoventilation Decrease in pO2 Increase in pCO2
What does hypercapnia and hypocapnia meanHypercapnia means rise in pCO2 Hypocapnia means decrease in pCO2
If there is hypoventilation, what can that causeDecreased removal of carbon dioxide which leads to an increase in carbon dioxide concentration ( hypercapnia ) This leads to an decrease in pH --> respiratory acidosis Kidneys then respond to this by increasing excretion of [HCO3-] which brings the pH near normal --> compensated respiratory acidosis
If there is hyperventilation, what can that causeRemoval of CO2 from alveoli is much more rapid then production Alveolar CO2 concentration then falls which leads to an increase in pH → Respiratory Alkalosis Kidneys respond by secreting less [HCO3-] so it returns near the normal pH Compensated Respiratory Alkalosis
How does metabolic acidosis startIf tissues produce acid ( lactic acid ) this reacts with HCO3- The fall in HCO3- leads to a fall in pH Metabolic acidosis This can be compensated by increasing ventilation
What monitors arterial pO2Peripheral chemoreceptors located in the carotid and aortic bodies
What effects happens when chemoreceptors are stimulatedIncrease in volume and rate of respiration Changes in circulation directing more blood to brain and kidneys Increased blood pumping by the heart
What controls CSF pHCentral chemoreceptors respond to changes in the pH of cerebro-spinal fluid CSF pH is determined by arterial pCO2 CSF [HCO3 - ] controlled by choroid plexus cells Persisting changes in pH corrected by choroid plexus cells by changing [HCO3 - ]