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level: Level 1

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

QuestionAnswer
What is Natriuresisincreased sodium excretion
What is KaliuresisIncreased potassium excretion
What is Aquareticsnet excretion of water
What type of diuretics target the proximal convulated tubuleCarbonic Anhydrase inhibitors such as Acetazolamide
Mode of action of Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitorsInhibits action of carbonic anhydrase in brush border & PCT cell Can cause metabolic acidosis due to loss of HCO3
What type of diuretics target the Loop of Henle ( TAL )Loop diuretics --> (Furosemide, Bumetanide )
Mode of action of loop diureticLoop diuretics block Na-K-2 Cl transporter which basically means that both Na+/K+ are not reabsorbed which therefore can lead to hypokalaemia
Where do Thiazide diureticsDistal Convulated Tubule ( Indapamide, Metalazone )
Mode of action of Thiazide diureticBlock Na - Cl transporter in DCT Increases Na⁺ (and H2O) loss / K+ loss Reduces Ca loss in urine Less potent diuretics than loop diuretics
What type of diuretics target the collecting ductNa⁺ channel blockers: Amiloride Aldosterone antagonists: Spironolactone
Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitors, what are they used forTreatment of Glaucoma
What is mannitol used to treat forCerebral oedema Freely filtered at the glomerulus, but not reabsorbed increases the osmolarity of the filtrate Causes loss of water, Na⁺ and K⁺ in the urine
What is the mode of action for Aldosterone AntagonistThis is a competitive inhibitor of the aldosterone receptor which decreases Na+ reabsorption Since aldosterone increases Na+ reabsorption This can lead to K+ levels to increase and lead to hyperkalaemia which is life threatening
What adverse effects can Loop diuretics and Thiazide diuretics causeincrease the loss of potassium in the urine may cause Hypokalaemia
What adverse effects can Aldosterone antagonist and K+ sparring medication causereduce excretion of potassium in the urine may cause Hyperkalaemia