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level: Level 1

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

QuestionAnswer
What are the different walls of arteries and veinsTunica intima → next to the lumen Tunica media → intermediate Tunica adventitia → outer layer
What are the 3 types of arteriesElastic conducting arteries → widest Muscular distributing arteries → intermediate diameter Arterioles → narrowest
What happens when blood flow is cut off to the limb and when it returnsWhen there is no blood flow, metabolites accumulate, so arterioles dilate maximally When flow is returned, resistance is very low so flow is very high but high flow washes away the metabolites and so smooth muscle constricts again
What are the 3 types of capillariesContinous Capallaries --> most common type, nervous, muscle etc. locations Fenestrated capillaries --> gut, endocrine glands and renal glomerulus Discontinous --> In liver, spleen and bone marrow, generally wider and slower blood flow
What are some examples of vasodilator molecules and their mode of actionH+ K+ Adenosine These act as relax vascular smooth muscle --> vasodilation
An increase in metabolism leads to what in the bloodstreamIf metabolism increases more metabolites are produced So concentration increases, vasodilation occurs Vasodilation leads to an increase in flow Increased flow washes away the metabolites and more metabolism leads to more blood flow
What Vasomotor toneTonic contraction of smooth muscle known as vasomotor tone Increases known as vasoconstriction
Factors affecting contraction of vascular smooth muscle :Vasomotor tone mostly produced by the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system This tone is antagonised by vasodilator factors The actual resistance determined by balance between the two