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level: 5.1 Defence mechanisms

Questions and Answers List

level questions: 5.1 Defence mechanisms

QuestionAnswer
Defence mechanisms- Specific - Non-specific
Specific defence mechanisms- Slower response - Specific to each pathogen
The two specific defence mechanisms- Cell-mediated responses involving T lymphocytes - Humoral responses involving B lymphocytes
Non-specific defence mechanisms- Immediate response - Same for all pathogens e.g phagocytosis + physical barrier
Lymphocytes- Type of white blood cell - Detects proteins + pathogens that are foreign - Produces antibodies - takes a few days
Lymphocytes functionsAllows immune system to identify: - Pathogens - Non-self material, foreign cells - Toxins produced by pathogens, make antitoxins - Abnormal body cells, cancer
How lymphocytes work- Lymphocyte antibodies cause pathogens to stick together - Easier for phagocytes to engulf them - Has its own specific receptor that is complementary to a specific antigen - When encountering antigen it multiplies - Creating large numbers of identical lymphocytes with that specific receptor