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level: 1.4 Starch, glycogen and cellulose

Questions and Answers List

level questions: 1.4 Starch, glycogen and cellulose

QuestionAnswer
Describe the structure of glycogen- Alpha glucose - Long, branched chains - Its compact - Has 1-4 glyosidic bonds
Adaptations of starch- Coils in a spiral shape and is compact so it takes little space in cell - good for storage - Insoluble - doesn't affect water potential by osmosis - Chains may be branched or unbranched
Adaptations of cellulose- Molecules attach together in parallel to form rope-like structures - forming microfibrils (made by fibres) - Hydrogen bonds strong in large numbers - Unbranched chains - Long straight chains
What monomers form cellulose molecules- Beta glucose (b - glucose)
What monomer form starch molecules- Alpha glucose (a - glucose)
How the structure of cellulose is linked to function- The strength of the cellulose fibres and hydrogen bonds in cell wall maintains shape and rigidity
Adaptations of glycogen- Insoluble - doesn't diffuse out of cells - Compact - suitable for storage - More branched than starch - more rapidly hydrolysed (broken down) by enzymes
What are the two components of starch- Amylose - Amylopectin
Amylose- a - glucose - Unbranched - 1,4 (carbon atoms) glycosidic bonds
Amylopectin- a - glucose - Branched - 1,4 and some 1,6 glycosidic bonds
Enzyme that breaks down maltose- Maltase
Enzyme that breaks down sucrose- Sucrase
Enzyme that breaks down lactose- Lactase
Difference in the structure of the starch molecule and the cellulose molecule- Starch formed from α-glucose but cellulose formed from β-glucose - Position of hydrogen and hydroxyl groups on carbon atom 1 inverted
Describe how the molecules of cellulose are similar to molecules of starch- Both insoluble - Both made up of glucose - Both contain glyosidic bonds
Hydrogen bonds are important in cellulose molecules. Explain why- Holds chains together - Forms microfibrils, providing strength - Hydrogen bonds strong in large numbers