Buscar
Estás en modo de exploración. debe iniciar sesión para usar MEMORY

   Inicia sesión para empezar

level: Level 1

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

QuestionAnswer
complementary therapiestreatments used in addition to conventional health care regimens recommended by a person's health care provider
alternative therapiesoften include the same interventions as complementary therapies but frequently become the primary treatment modality that replaces allopathic medicine
allopathic medicinetraditional or conventional Western medicine
holistic nursingaddresses & treats the mind-body-spirit of the patient
herbal therapyan alternative therapy that uses herbs to provide health benefits; began thousands of years ago
pharmaceuticalsdrugs
chiropractic therapynontraditional therapy that includes manipulation of the musculoskeletal system; been in existence since the late 1800s
Qilife force
meridianschannels of energy
acupuncturea method of stimulating certain points (acupoints) on the body by the insertion of special needles to modify the perception of pain normalize physiologic functions
acupressureentails the use of gentle pressure at similar points on the body
Reikienergy field therapy, probably the most popular methods taught in the US; use the human energy field to interact with another person's energy field
therapeutic massagemassage performed by trained professionals to manipulate the soft tissues of the body & assist with healing
aromatherapyentails the use of pure essential oils produced from plants, to provide health benefits
reflexologyis based on the premise that it is possible to exert an effect on the entire body by applying pressure to specific areas on the feet, hands, & ears with the thumbs
imageryvisualization techniques, the conscious mind is used to create mental images to evoke physical changes in the body, create a sense of improved well-being & enhance self-awareness
relaxationis the state of a generalized decrease in cognitive, physiologic, or behavioral arousal
focusingthe ability to identify, differentiate, keep attention on, & return attention to simple stimuli for an extended period
passivitythe ability to stop unnecessary goal-directed & analytic activity
receptivitythe ability to tolerate & accept experiences that are sometimes uncertain, unfamiliar, or paradoxical
yogahas emerged as a therapeutic treatment & now is being recognized by Western medical practice
Taijioriginally was developed as a martial art in 17th century China
biofeedbackis a noninvasive method that an individual can employ to learn control of the body to manage certain conditions
tetrahydrocannabinolmost well known cannabinoi; psychoactive & may cause euphoria, paranoia, drowsiness, & increased hunger
cannabidiol (CBD)cannabinoids present at highly variable levels in marijuana; no psychoactive properties & inhibits the psychoactive properties of THC
cannabinoidsmaybe used for a variety of psychological, neurologic, & inflammatory conditions
What does complementary therapies include?exercise, massage, reflexology, prayer, biofeedback, creative therapies (art, music, or dance therapy), guided imagery, acupuncture, relaxation strategies, chiropractic therapy, therapeutic touch, & herbalism
Why may people turn to alternative therapies?They believe them to be less invasive & gentler than allopathic or traditional medicine & perceive them to incorporate a more holistic approach
What is the strength of allopathic medicine?its effectiveness in treating certain physical ailments (ex. bacterial infections, structural abnormalities, acute emergencies), focuses less on preventing disease, decreasing stress-induced illnesses, managing chronic disease, & caring for the emotional & spiritual needs of individuals
What are some holistic nursing interventions?relaxation therapy, guided imagery, music therapy, simple touch, massage & prayer
Sold as foods or food supplements in health food stores & through private companiesherbal medicine
What is the goal of herbal therapy?to restore balance within the individual by facilitating the person's self-healing capacity
If herbs are used incorrectly what can they become?potentially toxic
Patients often do not disclose their use of herbs to their health care providerbecause herb use is not widely accepted or understood by mainstream medical caregivers
Asian ginseng usesimproves overall health & well-being; atherosclerosis, bleeding disorders, colitis, diabetes, depressant cancer
Asian ginseng considerationsdo not administer to pregnant or breast feeding patients, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, or concurrent therapy patients; patients taking anticoagulants should avoid use because it can prolong clotting. Also patients who are taking CNS stimulants, estrogen, furomeside, ibuprofen, caffeine, or drugs metabolized by CYP3H4; interacts with agents that inhibit monoamine oxidase
Aloe vera usesburns, skin irritation; has laxative properties
Aloe vera considerationsinternal use produces a cathartic action & has resulted in painful cramps, electrolyte imbalance, hemorrhagic diarrhea & kidney damage; drug interactions exist with antidysrhythmics, cardiac glycosides (ex. digoxin), anti diabetics, beta blockers, steroids, diuretics, & disulfiram. Herb Interactions exist with licorice
Cayenne usesgeneral cardiovascular health: reduces cholesterol level; topical application produces analgesia, controls bleeding
Cayenne considerationsTopical application as a counterirritant produces 'heat' sensation. Burning & pruritus diminish with continued use; drug interactions exist with ACE inhibitors, heparin, ASA, disulfiram, & theophylline. Herb interact actions exist with feverfew, garlic, ginger, & ginseng
Ginger usesnausea, vomiting, motion sickness, appetite improvement, impotence, liver toxicity, burns
Ginger considerationsoverdose possibly produces CNS depression & dysrhythmias, sometimes enhances the effect of anticoagulants. Pregnant patients should not take large doses because the teratogenic potential is largely unstudied. Drug interactions are possible with antacids, histamine H2 receptor blockers, proton pump inhibitors, anticoagulants, barbiturates, disulfiram & metronidazole
Ginko, maidenhair tree usesimproves memory, increases circulation to the extremities & the brain
Ginko, maidenhair tree considerationsproduces arterial & venous vasoactive changes that increase tissue perfusion & cerebral blood flow; adverse reactions include dizziness, headache, subarachnoid & subdural hemorrhage, & cardiac insufficiency. Reports of seizures in children & bleeding complications. Potential drug interaction exist with antiplatelet therapy, anticoagulants, anticonvulsants, bupropion, tricyclic antidepressants, disulfiram, metronidazole & trazodone, Herb interactions include garlic
St. John's wort usesmild to moderate depression, anxiety, viral infection, insomnia, premnstrual syndrome, topical myalgia, inflammation
St. John's wort considerationsAdverse reactions which are uncommon include photosensitivity, constipation, vertigo, dry mouth, restlessness, & sleep disturbance. Patients should not use with MAOis, alcoholic beverages, opioids, prescribes antidepressants, sympathomimetics, & food such as chocolate, aged cheeses, & beer. Do not give to pregnant or breast-feeding patients or children. Drug interactions include amiodarone, amitriptyline, chemotherapy drugs, digoxin, contraceptives
Herbal preparationsavoid using combination of herbs, using herbs & spices for at least 2 weeks before any surgery, using herbs during pregnancy & lactation or when attempting to become pregnant
Tincturesare made by placing herbs in alcohol or vinegar & allowed to sit until the liquid absorbs the properties of the herb
What should a patient do before using any fresh herbs?to obtain exact identification from a trained professional & know exactly what any herb is & what its actions are
Many herbs interact withvarious medications
Ginseng is likely to interfere with ?the actions of digoxin
Advise against taking St. John's wort with?antidepressant medications
Doctors of chiropractic medicine undergo extensive training in?manipulation of the musculoskeletal system
What disorders does chiropractic therapy treat?back pain & headaches
What does the chiropractor do?adjusts the joints of the body by gentle manipulation to put an area of disturbed structural integrity, usually the vertebrae, back in proper alignment
Contradictions to chiropractic therapyacute myelopathy, fractures, dislocations, rheumatoid arthritis, & osteoporosis
Acupuncture & acupressuretherapies that are based on the belief that there is a form of energy
acupuncture & acupressure therapy involvesstimulating the channels at specific points to open them & allow the Qi to flow freely
Acupuncture is the primary treatment modality used byhealth care providers of Chinese medicine
Acupuncture treats problems such aslow back pain, myofascial pain, simple & migraine headaches, sciatica, shoulder pain, tennis elbow, osteoarthritis, whiplash, & musculoskeletal sprains
Acupressure is primarily used forprevention & relief of symptoms of muscle tension, it reduces tension, increases circulation, & enables the body to relax deeply; relieves stress, increases resistance to disease & promotes wellness & ability to rest or sleep
Rosemary useinternally: mental stimulant; alleviating stress, circulatory problems, externally: myalgia, neuralgia, pruritus, migraines
Rosemary considerationspromotes menstrual flow, do not give to pregnant patients, children or patients with seizure disorders; relieves headaches, liver & gallbladder complaints & blood pressure problems. May cause seizures. Asthma can develop, encourage patients to take precaution & use sunscreen
Therapeutic massage can be classified asrelaxing & other forms are energizing
Medical conditions that contradict massageacute back pain, phlebitis, & thrombosis, pregnancy, infectious skin diseases
Who needs touch as much as or more than any other age group?older adults
Aromatherapy is based on similar principlesspecific scents are thought to relax or stimulate, improve digestion, increase hormone production, reduce nausea, & improve circulation or memory
Patients with asthmasometimes develop exaggerated symptoms from certain aromatic essences
Manipulation of specific reflexesremoves stress, enabling the release of disharmonies by a physiologic change in the body
With stress removed & circulation improvesthe body is allowed to return to a state of homeostasis
Lighter pressure should be used on corresponding reflex areas on people with?cardiac problems, blood problems, high blood pressure, epilepsy & diabetes
Extreme caution should be used in performing reflexology patients withdiabetes who use artificial insulin
Overstimulation of the corresponding reflexes can cause what?the pancreas to produce increased amounts of insulin, resulting in a decreased need of artificial insulin
Reflexology demonstrates the following four main benefitsrelaxes the body & removes stress, enhances the circulation, assists the body in normalizing metabolism naturally, complements all other healing modalities
Magnet therapy contradicts in?patients with metal devices such as defibrillators, pacemakers, cochlear implants, & insulin pumps
Many imagery techniques involve?visual imagery, but they also sometimes include the auditory, proprioceptive, gustatory, & olfactory senses
Relaxation is also defined asthe act or process of arousal reduction
The relaxation response is characterized bydecreased heart & respiratory rates, blood pressure, & oxygen consumption & increased alpha-wave brain activity & peripheral skin temp
What is the long term goal of relaxation therapy?for the person to continually monitor the self for indicators of tension & to consciously let go & release the tension contained in various body parts
Animal assisted therapyinvolves the use of trained animals to enhance an individual's physical, emotional, & social well-being; improves self-esteem, reduces anxiety, & facilitates healing
The word yoga meansyoke or union of the personal self with divine source
What is yoga?combination of breathing exercises, physical postures & meditation that has been practiced for more than 5000 years
The medical community no longer can ignore the efficacy of yoga's body-mind connectionbecause it increasingly verifies the importance of the integration of the whole person in healing disease
The regular practice of yoga offers?the potential to tone the muscles that balance all parts of the body, including internal organs, heart, lungs, glands, & nerves; increase flexibility of the spine & helps treat chronic back problems
Taiji practiceemphasis is placed on relaxing the body & calming & focusing the mind
Taiji practice was intended to improve?fundamental skills including balance, strength, flexibility, coordination, agility, reaction time, sensitivity or awareness & confidence
Health concerns managed by biofeedbackanxiety, stress, irritable bowel syndrome, & asthma
Advantages of biofeedbackincreased awareness achieved by the patient about physiologic functions & influencing factors of these functions & the reduction of the stress response
Biofeedback is beneficial in the treatment of disorders such as?migraine headaches, pain, & urinary tract & gastrointestinal tract disorders
Schedule 1 drugs aredrugs with no currently accepted medical use & have the highest potential for abuse
Cannabinoids arecompounds found in marijuana that attach to cannabinoid receptors in the body
What is THC used to treat?nausea, pain, & weight loss in patients with cancer & HIV
cannabis ruderalismay be used as an herbal treatment but is not used as a recreational drug
Schedule II drugshave high potential for abuse but also have an accepted medical use
Marijuanahas abuse potential but also may be a less addictive form of pain management
What are complementary & alternative therapies used for?to restore & maintain health
Herbs used for treatment are formulate in many ways such ascapsules, tablets, tinctures, teas, compresses, salves, or ointments
Some herbs interfere with?actions of medications
What do energy field therapy reduce?pain & increase relaxation
Energy field therapy do not require?physical touch