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level: social influence - Pilivan (1969)

Questions and Answers List

level questions: social influence - Pilivan (1969)

QuestionAnswer
Problem with generablisatity?Victim and model was always male, gender bias
NANA
What as the aim?To investigate helping behavior in a natural environment and understand the conditions in which people are more likely to help.
Sample used ?4450 male and female passengers on a new york subway between 11am and 3pm
What type of observation and what happened?It was a covert observation. 4 groups of 4 uni students ran trails and observed what happened. 2 female confederates recorded the date and 2 males confederates were the victim and model.
What victims were there?All the types of victims were dressed the same in each situation. There was a drunk victim, carrying a bottle and smelled of alcohol Ill victim with a cane.
What happened with the model and victim?The victim entered the carriage and stood in the critical area The model sat in the same critical area and may offer help at different periods of time
Where were the observers?Same carriage through different doors sat in adjacent seating to observe
What was the scene in the carriage?-70 seconds into the train journey the victim staggered and collapsed on the floor until he got help -If he received no help by the train station, the model and the 2 female observers would get off the train (the model helping him) -4 of them go to another platform and next train and repeat the trial.
Percentage of people that helped the ill victim before the model?95% intervened (in the trials)
Percentage of people that helped the drunk victim before the model?50% intervened (in the trials)
In the trials, what was the percentage of more than one bystander helping?60% (before the model)
How many of the helpers were male?90%
When was same-race help seen most?Some evidence of same-race help was found , especially with the drunk victim
Evidence of diffusion of responsibility?There was no evidence of diffusion of responsibility, the speed in which the victim was helped was faster when it was busier on the train.
Why did people help the ill person more than the drunk person?Perhaps the cost of helping the ill person is less, in terms of personal risk
Why is it more likely that men will help instead of women?The cost of helping is higher for a women
When is there a slight tendency to help in the same race?When the victim was drunk
Why are larger groups more likely to help?Perhaps the costs of helping is lower and the victim clearly needs help so pluralistic ignorance is unlikely.
What does this experiment show about diffusion of responsibility?It does not happen when the situation is an obvious emergency
Ecological validity?It has high ecological validity because it is a field experiment and that means it can be easily applied to real life. No demand characteristics
Ethics?Covert observation so the people didnt give their consent and they don't know that they are being observed.
Reliability?2 different observers in different areas of the train, consistent and more reliable results.
Generalisablity?a large opportunity sample, represents a large target population
Objectivity ?Victim and model was always male, gender bias