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level: Level 1

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

QuestionAnswer
societya nation, community, or broad group of people who establish particular aims, beliefs, or standards of living & conduct
cultureset of learned values, beliefs, customs, and practices that are shared by a group and are passed from one generation to another
subcultureshares many characteristics patterns of behavior and ideals that distinguish it from the rest of a cultural group
stereotypea generalized expectation about forms of behavior, an individual or a group
ethnocentrismbelieve that the beliefs and practices of their particular culture are best
cultural competencethe awareness of one's own cultural beliefs and practices and their relation to those of others, which may be different
transcultural nursingvariables and integrating an understanding into all aspects of nursing care
racea group of people who share biologic physical characteristics
ethnicityrefers to a group of people who share a common social and cultural heritage based on shared traditions, national origin, and physical and biologic characteristics
ethnic stereotypea fixed concept of how all members of an ethnic group act or think
Biomedical health belief systema belief that health and illness are controlled by a series of physical and biochemical processes that can be analyzed and manipulated by humans.
What is the primary health belief in United States?the biomedical health belief system
Treatment focuses on what in the biomedical health belief system?the use of physical and chemical interventions
Biomedical health belief system believe health isthe absence of disease or signs and symptoms of disease
In biomedical health belief system what is disease?an alteration of the structure & function of the body; has a specific cause, onset, course, & treatment. Caused by trauma, pathogens, chemical imbalances, or failure of body parts
Folk health belief systemcommonly referred to as "third-world" beliefs & practices; often called strange or weird by nurses & other health professionals who are unfamiliar with this system
Folk health belief system; illness & diseaseclassifies it as natural or unnatural, "God's Plan"
Folk health belief system; Treatmentdone by carrying out rituals or repentance or giving in to the supernatural force's wishes
Holistic Health Belief Systemreligious experiences are based on cultural beliefs and may include such things as blessings from spiritual leaders, apparitions of dead relatives & even miracle cures
Holistic health belief system; what does religion dictate?social, moral, and dietary practices designed to assist an individual in maintaining a healthy balance and in playing a vital role in illness prevention (ex; burning candle, rituals of redemption, & prayer)
Circumcision aslo is view as a religious practice in which health belief system?Holistic health belief system
In the holistic health belief system annoying the sick may be?seen as preparation for death & also may be performed as the hope of a miracle
Holistic Health Belief System; Treatmentdesigned to restore balance with physical, social, & metaphysical worlds. May extend beyond treating the person to treating the environment to decrease pollution or prevent hunger, homelessness, etc
What are the first steps in giving holistic care to patients?understanding cultural practice variables & acceptance of each person as an individual
All members of a culture group do notexhibit the same behaviors
Examples of individual differences in a cultural groupage, interaction between younger & older generations, degrees to which values in current country are adopted, language, gender identity/roles, location of country origin/current residence, religion, socioeconomic background
When is culture learned?Beginning of birth
Accepted traditional customs, moral attitudes, or manners of a particular social groupCulture morals
In care of patients from many different cultures what is important for a nurse to develop?cultural competence
What should the nurse do to care for a patient from a different culture?assess the patient's beliefs
What alternative methods of communication should be used for patients who don't speak English?foreign language phrase book, an interpreter, gestures, or pictures
What is a strategy for communication with patients from different cultures?learn key phrases in languages that are commonly spoken in your community
What do asian cultures use as a sign of respect?silence
When communicating what do Italian people use a lot of?hand gestures;"thumbs up" may mean something different than "good job"
Japanese American cultureplaces emphasis on promptness & the adherence to fixed schedules especially when meeting with a person with high regards
American Muslim; Dietary habitsRefusing pork, many do not eat foods traditional in black cultures such as cornbread & collard greens
Another name for PentecostalAssemblies of God
Assemblies Of God; Other practicesFaith in God & health care providers is encouraged; members sometimes "speak in tongues" during prayer
Baptistmore than 27 different groups in the United States
Christian Science; BirthPhysician or nurse mid-wife is present during childbirth
Christian Science; Other practicesDo not seek medical care, decline drugs & in general, other medical or surgical procedures, no vaccines but obey legal requirements, obey public health quarantines.
When caring for a patient with the belief of Christian ScienceAllow & encourage time for a prayer & study, they may request that a practitioner with same belief be notified to come
Church of Jesus Christ Of Latter-day SaintsMormons
Mormons; Baptismif a child over 8 is very ill, baptized or not, call member of the church's priesthood
Mormons; Dietary habitspractice abstinence from tobacco, caffeinated drinks such as cola, coffee, tea & alcohol; Eat meat but encourage the intake of fruits, grains, & herbs
Eastern Orthodox; Anointing The Sickthe priest conducts this in the hospital room
Eastern Orthodox; Birththe infant must be baptized within 40 days after birth
Eastern Orthodox; Dietary HabitsFasting from meat & dairy products is required on Wednesday & Fridays during Lent & other holy days
Which religious belief believes that Christmas is celebrated on January 7th & New Year's on January 14th?Eastern Orthodox
Islam; birththe father (mother if no father) whispers the call to prayer in the child's ears so that the first sounds heard are about the Muslim faith
Islam; deathfamily members ask to be present so they can read the Koran & pray with patient; prefer that the family wash, prepare & place body in position facing Mecca; Cremation is forbidden & autopsy prohibited except legal reasons, & no body parts removed
Belief that people do not own their own bodiesIslam belief
Islam; Dietary habitsno pork, no alcohol, permissible meat must be blessed & killed in a special way called zabihah; daytime fasting during Ramadan
Jehovah's Witness believeno blood transfusions, patients will accept alternative; prepared to die rather than break God's law, you need to be sensitive to the spiritual as well as the physical need of the patient
Judaism(Observant Jews); Birthbabies are named by the father, Male children are named 8 days after birth when circumcision is done; female babies are usually named during the reading of the holy Torah
Judaism defines death asoccurring when respiration & circulation are irreversibly stopped & no movement is apparent; Euthanasia is strictly forbidden
In Judaism when death occurs what happens with the body?it remains untouched for 8 to 30 minutes; requires to be buried within 24 hours no flowers
Judaism; Dietary habitsKosher dietary laws: no mixing meat & milk at a meal, use separate cooking utensils for meat & milk products, dairy food served first meat later, 24 hour fast is required during day of atonement
Seventh Day Adventistno infant baptism is practiced
Seventh Day Adventist;Deathno special procedure are required
Seventh Day Adventist; Dietary Habitsno alcohol, tobacco, coffee, tea, & careless use of drugs; some are vegetarians & don't eat pork
What alternative health services aroused attention in the traditional medical community?Folk remedies, holistic therapies, & spiritual interventions
Alternative or complementary belief systemnonmusical forms of therapy to treat an illness; acupuncture, aromatic therapy, meditation, therapeutic touch. Mind & body are seen as a whole unit
what belief system is Chinese Americans influenced by?Holistic belief system, accept biomedical interventions for illness
Chinese Americans; languagecontinue to speak native language after many years in US, as honoring ancestors & native country. English is hard because there is no common basis in the language
American Indiansconcepts focus on the need for the individual to be in harmony with the surrounding environment & family; health & religion cannot be separated
American Indian; Languageinvolves tonal speech in which is of great importance
Black African Americanswomen are primary decision makers in family; head of household
Chinese Americans; CommunicationEye contact is considered disrespectful, uncomfortable when face to face, touching is not usual in convo; impolite, same sex in public touching okay opposite not okay
Mexican Birth Ritesinappropriate for husband to be there, cannot see wife or baby until they are cleaned & dressed; female family members ask to be present during delivery
Black African Americans Cultural beliefscelebrations are rites revolve around food and feasting on traditional dishes "soul food"; collard greens, other leafy & yellow vegetables, beans, rice & potatoes are high in nutrition value. Let tends to be low in fiber, calcium, & potassium & high in fat
Nursing diagnosis & patient problems are based on which health belief system & may be used to develop a plan of care for culturally diverse patients with different health beliefs?biomedical health belief system
What can interfere with development of cultural competence?enthocentrism
Beliefs & practices vary among & within what?culture