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level: Level 1

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

QuestionAnswer
CommunicationExchange of information
senderone who conveys the message
receiverperson or people to whom the message is conveyed
one way communicationlimited use in the nurse-patient relationship
two way communicationrequires that sender and the receiver participate in the interaction
verbal communicationinvolves the use of spoken or written words or symbols
connotative meaningsubjective and reflects the individual"s perception or interpretation
denotative meaningrefers to the commonly accepted definition of a particular word
jargoncommon place "language" or terminology unique to people in a particular work setting
What are 2 ways of communication?Verbal and Nonverbal communication
nonverbal communicationmessages transmitted without the use of words(oral or written)
What are ways of nonverbal communicationVoice, Eye Contact,& physical appearance
gesturesmovement people use to emphasize the idea they are attempting to communicate
postureway that individual sits, stands, and move
open posturewhen taking a relaxed stance with uncrossed arms and legs while facing the other individual
closed posturemore fomral, distance stance, generally with the arms, and possibly the legs, tightly crossed
assertivenessone's ability to confidently and comfortable express thoughts and feelings while she stilll respecting the legitimate rights of the patient
assertive communicationinteraction that considers the feelings and needs of the patient yet honors the nurse's rights as an individual
aggressive communicationwhen an individual interacts with anther person in an overpowering and forceful manner
unassertive communicationthe nurse agrees to what the patient request
What will unassertive communication cause?Problems for the nurse and resentment
What are some nonverbal cues?Voice
What is the largest consent of use of communication?Non verbal communication
one of the most important aspects of care in nursingcommunication
what are the 2 requirements for communicationsender & receiver
What way of communication is limited in nursing?1 way communication
What way of communication establishes a trusting relationship?2 way communication
What is the purpose of 2 way communication?To meet needs of nurse to patient relationship
Tone or VolumeVoice
Provides interactionEye Contact
Gestures or Posturesphysical appearance
What are the type of styles of communication?Assertive, Aggressive, Unassertive
Communication assertively meansBeing able to express your needs while being aware of others' needs
What does an assertive nurse do?Appears self-confident
In which ways does a nurse demonstrate a therapeutic relationship?Caring, sincerity, empathy,& trustworthiness
Making sure a patient is focused of each interaction is what?Establishing a therapeutic relationship
What is essential to effective nurse-patient interaction?Trust
What is also a must in a therapeutic relationship?Confidentiality
Being distant, not connected or genuineis not building a therapeutic relationship
What are the two techniques of communication?Therapeutic and non therapeutic communication
Therapeutic communicationan exchange of information that facilitates the formation of a positive nurse-patient relationship and actively involves patient in all areas of care
Nontherapeutic communicationblocks the development of a trusting and therapeutic relationship
What are some non therapeutic communication techniques?Listening, Silence & Touch
What are 2 types of listening?Active & Passive
Active Listeningfull attention to what patient is saying
Passive Listeningindicates nonverbal eye contact & nodding as 'uh-huh' & 'I see'
What does passive listening show?nurse is interested and listening to what is being said
Silencealso part of passive listening & nonverbal therapeutic
Touchan example of non verb therapeutic showing understanding & comfort
Conveying Acceptancenurse acceptance & willingness to listen to patient without judgement is key to therapeutic nurse patient relations
Provides opportunity to bring about change in health behaviors while helping the patient to maintain personal integrityConveying Acceptance
Minimal encouragementsubtle therapeutic technique that communicates to the patient that the nurse is interested and wants to hear more
What does minimal encouragement involve?nonverbal cues, maintain appropriate eye contact, nodding occasionally and verbal comments such as "yes go on" to encourage the patient to continue
What are the therapeutic communication techniques?Closed Questioning
Closed Questioningseeking particular answer (1 or 2 word answers)
Open Ended QuestionDo not require specific response, Allows patient to explain ("How do you feel?")
RestatingLet patient know you heard what was said
ParaphrasingRestating patient message in your own words; verification you understand
ClarifyingAllows patient to verify that the message received was understood
FocusingTo gather more specific info when patient is too vague
ReflectingMaking the patient feel their message is important; promotes independent decision making
SummarizingFocus on key issues and patient planning
Use of humorCan help put nurse & patient at ease: never laugh at patient but with
Factors That Affect CommunicationPosturing & Positioning
Posture & PositioningPatient and nurse should be at same level for communication; can reveal patients current mood
What are the 4 zones of space?intimate, personal, social, & public
intimate spaceface to 18 inches away
personal space18 inches to 4 feet
social space4 to 12 feet from face
public spacebeyond 12 feet
Environmentsurrounding an interaction often has a significant intact on the interaction's effectiveness; privacy
Level of Trustto provide positive experience; effective nurse-patient interaction
Language Barrierspeak slowly, using images, remain eye level, no jargon; can pose a major threat to effective nurse-patient relationship
Cultureunderstand beliefs & regulations
Age & Genderusing correct identification; different barriers for different ages
Physiologic Factorsmay interfere with the patient being able to communicate effectively; if in pain may make it hard to focus
Psychosocial Factorsa multitude of factors placing patients under stress
Altered Cognitionanother physiologic factor that frequently hinders effective communication; dementia, stroke, etc.
impaired hearinganother common physiologic factor that impedes communication
What are some things you should do with patients who are cognitively impaired?Speak slowly, ask one question at a time, be attentive, use simple sentences, no distractions while talking with patient, be attentive
Communication with patients who have hearing impairmentPatient's attention, wearing proper hearing equipment, lip reading, face patient, no other noises, rephrase, speak at a normal volume, lower tone of voice, sign language
Grievingresult of actual or perceived lost; psychosocial factor
Block communicationtechniques enhance the quality of an interaction
What are some ways of Block Communication?False Reassurance
False assuranceusing false comforting phrases in an attempt to other reassurance; "it will be okay"
Giving advice or personal opinionsmaking a decision for a patient; offering personal opinions; telling a patient what to do with phrases such as "if I were you I would..."
False Assumptionsmaking an assumption without validation; jumping to conclusions "your husband isn't very supportive."
Approval or disapprovaltrying to impose the nurse's own attitudes, values, beliefs, and moral standards on a patient about what is right and wrong "you shouldn't even think that"
Automatic responsesstereotyped or superficial comments that do not focus on what the patient is feeling or trying to say "the doctor knows best"
Defensivenessresponding negatively to criticism; often in response to feelings of anger or hurt on your part; usually involves making excuses "I'm doing the best I can"
Arguingchallenging or arguing against the patient's statements or perceptions "how can you say you didn't sleep all night? you were sleeping every time I came into your room"
Asking for explanationsasks the patient to explain her or his actions, beliefs, or feelings with "why" questions; "why do you feel that way"
Changing the subjectinappropriately focusing the discussion on something other than the patient's concern "we'll worry about that later. it's time for you to go to physical therapy"
you promise something that will not occur or is unrealisticfalse reassurance
Takes decision making away from the patient; impairs decision making; creates doubt; encourages blaming the nurse if decision has unwanted outcomeGiving advice or personal opinions
Easily leads to a wrong conclusion; often viewed as accusatory or argumentativeFalse assumptions
Easily leads the patient to doubt personal values; creates feelings of guilt and resentment; causes friction between you and the patientApproval or disapproval
Tends to belittle the individual's feelings and minimize the importance of the message; communicates the message that you are not taking the patient's concerns seriouslyAutomatic responses
implies that the patient has no right to an opinion; results in ignoring or minimizing the patient's concerns; displays defensive behaviorDefensiveness
Denies that the patient's perceptions are real and valid; implies that patient is not being truthful, is mis informed, or educatedArguing
Frequently viewed by the patient as an accusatory; puts patient on the defensive; risks causing resentment, insecurity, and mistrust of the nurseAsking for explanations
Rude and shows lack of empathy; blocks further communication, and sometimes makes the patient feel uncomfortable about expressing feelings; interrupts thoughts, and often inhibits the sharing of important informationChanging the subject
Compromised verbal communicationabilities to express and support the identification of the patient problem of difficulty with verbal communicating
Alternatve methods of communicationwhen the patient is unable to produce sound, it essential to identify and implement
Communication boardincludes the alphabet, commonly used phrases, pictures or combination of all three
Aphasiaa deficient or absent language function that results from ischemic insult to the brain, such as stroke (cerebrovascular accident), brain trauma, or anoxia
expressive aphasiaunable to send the desired verbal message
receptive aphasiaan inability to recognize or interpret the verbal message being received
What are ways to communicate with a person with aphasia?avoid childish phrases