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Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

QuestionAnswer
What epithelia is shownStratified columnar
what epithelia is shownSimple squamous
What epithelia shownStratified squamous
Features of simple squamous epitheliumThin, scale-like flat cells Single layer All rest on the basement membrane Nuclei bulge from cell surface
Function of simple squamous epitheliumLubrication to allow movement of viscera Gas exchange ( alveoli ) Barrier ( Bowman's capsule ) Passive transport of water Active transport
Where can simple squamous epithelium be foundLining of blood and lymph vessels (endothelium) Bowman's capsule Loop of henle Inner and middle ear Intercalated pancreatic ducts
Features of simple cuboidalEqual width and height Centrally places round nucleus Rests on basement membrane May or may not feature brush border of microvilli
Location of simple cuboidal epitheliumThyrocytes Mesothelium of ovary Small ducts of many exocrine glands Kidney tubules Respiratory bronchioles
Function of simple cuboidalSecretion Absorption Conduit Barrier Hormone synthesis and mobilisation
Features of simple columnarRectangular Oval basal nucleus Rests on basement membrane
Where is simple columnar foundSmall intestine and colon Gallbladder Striated duct of salivary gland
Function of simple columnar foundSecretion Absorption Conduit Transport
Pseudostratified squamous epithelium featuresSome tall some short Nuclei found in basal 2/3rd Some have cilia
Psuedostratified squamous epithelium is found whereNasal cavity, trachea, Bronchi Auditory canal inter lobular duct of parotid gland Lacrimal sac Epididymis Parts of the male urethra
Psuedostratified squamous epithelium functionSecretion Absorption Conduit Particle trapping --> cilia associated
Stratified squamous epithelium (non-keratinized) featuresArranged in layers Basal cuboidal or columnar cells Flattened cells are replaced by proliferation and differentiation of basal cells
Stratified squamous epithelium location ( non-keratinised )Oral cavity Oesophagus Larynx Vagina: Secrets glycogen which is a substrate for the formation of lactobacilli Anal canal Surface of cornea
Stratified squamous epithelium functionProtects against abrasion and water loss Secretion
Stratified squamous epithelium (keratinized) features5-6 layers Basal cuboidal cells Upper layer consists of flattened, dead, anuclear, keratinized cells
Where stratified squamous epithelium keratinised locationSkin
Function of stratified squamous epithelium keratinisedProtects against UV light rays Abrasion and water loss
Transitional epithelium featuresRelaxed = Appears 4-5 layers thick Basal layer cuboidal Intermediate layer larger, polygonal Surface dome- like/rounded/umbrella shaped
Transitional epithelium locationsRenal calyces Ureters Bladder Proximal urethra
Transitional epithelium functionDistensibility Protection of underlying tissue from cytotoxic effects of urine
What are the different intercellular junctionsTight junctions ( zona occludens ) Spot junctions ( Demsomes or musculae adherens ) Adheren junctions Hemidesmosomes
Features of Tight junctionsAKA zona occludens Basically contain occludens and also connect microfilaments of adjacent cells and aim to control diffusion in apical regions Found closest to the epithelium
Features of Adheren junctionsConnect microfilaments of adjacent cells
Features of spot junctionsAKA desmosomes or musculae adherens Comprised of integrins and provide continous epithelium Anchored by intermediate filaments
Features of hemidesmosomesAnchors cells the the BM by integrins
What are Junctional complexesThese isolate the luminal space from the intercellular space Fluid is moved from e.g. the intestinal lumen into the cell, then into the intercellular space, and finally across the basement membrane into connective tissue and vasculature Cholera can disrupt this complexes leading to increased intestinal permeability