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level: Level 1

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

QuestionAnswer
Described simply as the exchange of informationCommunication
The one who conveys the messageSender
The person or people to whom the message is conveyedReceiver
-conveying acceptance -Qustioning: closed -Restating -Paraphrasing -Clarifying -focusing -reflecting -stating observations -Offering Info -Summarizing -Use of humorVerbal therapeutic techniques
The sender is in control and gets little reponse from the receiver; is of little use to the nurse-pt relationship; ex. lecturerOne-Way communication
The sender and receiver participate in the interactionTwo-Way communicaion
Two-way communication allows for exchange between the nurse and the pt, its purpose is to:meet the needs of the nurse & pt; and to esablish a trusting relationship
In communication, it is important to always strive to:______ ; rather than simply talk to the ptseek and accept the pt's input and feedback
Involves the use of spoken or written words or symbolsVerbal comunication
A word that is subjective and refelcts the indiv's perception or interpretationConnotative meaning
Commonly accepted definition of a particular word "familiar to all"Denotative meaning
Commonplace "language" or terminology unique to people in a particular work setting, or specific type of workJargon
One of the most important aspects of care in nursingCommunication
For communicaition to occur, a ______ and _______ of a message are necessarySender & receiver
Messages transmitted without the use of words (either oral or written)Nonverbal communication
-Tone & Rate of voice -Volume of speech -eye contact -physical appearance -Use of touchNonverbal Communication
A high-pitched, loud voice and rapid speech may indicate that an indiv is:Freightened
Generally _________ communicates an intention to interactEye contact
Optimal amount of time for eye contact2-6 seconds
This may indicate: Shyness, lack of confidence, disinterest, embarrassment, or hurt, or in contrast, deference of respectLack of eye contact
This form of nonverbal communication sometimes implies aggression and arouses anxietyExtended eye contact
This includes attributes of size, color of skin, dress, grooming, posture, and facial expressionPhysical Appearance
A professional appearance conveys:Self-respect & Competence
Movements people use to emphasize the idea they are attempting to commnicateGestures
The way that an indiv sits, stands, and movesPosture
This has the potential to convey warmth and acceptance or distance and disinterestPosture
When taking a relaxed stance with uncrossed arsm and legs while facing the other indivOpen posture
A formal, distant stance, generally with the arms, and possibly the legs, tithgtly crossedClosed posture
How somone would interperet a closed postureDisinterest, coldness, and even nonacceptance
Standing at the bedside looking down at the pt in bed places the nurse in a position of:authority & control
Most people and communication experts believe that _______ communication is often more accurate and makes up the largest percentage of cour communicationNonverbal
If nonverbal cues are inconsistent or incongruent with the verbal message, the _______ message is most likely the one receivedNonverbal
This that the nurse demonstrates is often what makes the difference between a positive or negative interactionThe style of communication
One's ability to confidently and comfortably express thoughts and feelings while still respecting the legitimate rights of the ptAssertiveness
Interaction that considers the feelings and needs of the pt yet honors the nurse's rights as an indivAssertive Communication
This makes interactions more even and has positive benefits for all involvedAssertive Communication
Occurs when an indiv interacts with another in an overpowering and forceful manner to meet one's own personal needs at the expense of the otherAggressive communication
this style of communication is destructive and nontherapeuticAggressive communication
This style of communication: the nurse agrees to do what the pt requests, even though doing so creates additional problems for the nurseUnassertive communication
Use of this style sacrifices one's legitimate personal rights to the needs of the ptUnassertive Communication
How does a pt/nurse feel when a nurse provides unassertive communicationresentment; neither party benefits
A relationship where the nurse-pt interaction is one in which the nurse demonstrates caring, sincerity, empathy, and trustworthinessA Therapuetic nurse-pt relationship
If the pt senses that the nurse is not being _______, a therapuetic, trusting relationship does not developGenuine in conveying feelings toward the pt
Ensure that the ___ is the foucs of every interaction, not the ____ or _____Pt; Equipment; The task
The nurse is obligated to report a pt's statement of intent to:Do self-harm or harm to others
This consists of an exchange of info that facilitates the formation of a positive nurse-pt relationship and actively involves the pt in all areas of careTherapeutic communication
This usually blocks the development of a trusting and therapeutic relationshipNontherapeutic communication
This requires the nurse to have an awarenes of he pt's feelings and the abillity to respond to the pt's needs through the use of verbal and nonverbal communication skillsTherapuetic communication
Nonverbal Therapeutic communication techniques-Listening -Silence -Touch
This nonverbal communication technique is a behavior that conveys interest and caring towards the ptListening
It is possible to _____ without ______hear; listening
This requires full attention to what the pt is sayingActive listening
When listening to a speaker either nonverbally through eye contact and nodding, or verbally through encouraging phrases such as "uh-huh" & "I see"Passive listening
Holding the pt's hand or placing one's hand non the shoulder of a pt or loved one when combined with silence conveys:caring & concern
Factors of: the duration & intensity of contact, hte body part touched, gender, and the age of the pt and the nurse, the environment, and the stage of development of the relationshipInterpretation of touch
One of the most effective methods of therapeutic communicationlistening, one of the most difficult to master
It is the responsibility of the nurse to monitor how effective the UAP are atcommunicating
Two methods to help the UAP become better communicators are:-role modeling effective communication techniques -in-service education programs
Converys interest and caring; gives pt full attention; allows feedback to verify understanding of the messageActive listening
Allows time to organize thoughts and formulate an appropriate response; often conveys respect, understanding, caring and support; allows observation of pt's nonverbal resposesMaintaining silence(often used in conjunction with touch)
Communicates that the nurse is interested and wants to hear moreminimal encouragement by nodding occasionally and maintaining eye contact (yes go on, then what happened)
Often conveys warmth, caring, comfort, support, and understandingTouch
Demonstrates acceptance of pt's rights to current beliefs and practices without condoning them; nonjudgemental, therefore encourages honesty, and openness on the part of the pt; provides an opportunity to bring about change in health behaviors while still maintaining the pt's personal integrityConveying acceptance
The impulse does not always allow the people involved in an interaction time to organize their thoughts sufficiently to communicate their needs or responseSilence
Silence conveys:support, compassion, & caring
The nurse's acceptance and willingness to listen and respond to what a pt is saying without passing judgement on the pt is key to:the development of a therapeutic nurse-pt relationship
A subtle therapeutic technique that communicates to the pt that the nurse is interested and wants to hear moreMinimal encouragement
This indicates acceptance of the pt as a personConveying acceptance
This usually involves nonverbal cues, suchas maintaing appropriate eye contact, nodding occasionally, and verbal comments such as "yes go on" to encourage the ot to continueMinimal encouragement
It is focused and seeks a particular answer; generally requires one or two words in responseClosed Question
This does not require a specific response and allows the pt to elaborate freely on a subject when replying; useful when assessing the pts feelingsOpen-ended question
The nurse repeats to the pt that is believed to be the main point that the pt is trying to conveyRestating
This conveys the message that the nurse is interested in the pt as an individual and not just in obtaining informationOpen-ended Qs
The restatement of the pt's message in the nurse's own words in an attempt to verify that the nurse has interpreted the pt's message correctlyParaphrasing
When the nurse suggests to the pt some of his or her own ideas about what the ot is trying to communicate in a manner that asks the pt to verify that the nurse's understanding of the message is accurateClarifying
Used when more specific information is needed to understand the pt's message accuratelyFocusing
If the message from the pt is to vague or strays from the topic being discussed, it is difficult for the nurse to idenify the actual messageFocusing
This is like restating but involves feelings and thoughts more than factsReflecting
This therapeutic technique is used to assist pt's to explore their own feelings, often about a choice that lies before them, rather than seeking answers or advice from someone else, such as the nurseReflecting
Communicating the nurses observations to the pt is called; and is often useful in validating the accuracy of observationsstating observations
This technique is helpful when the pts verbal and nonverbal cues are not matchingStating observations
The nurse provides the pt with relevant data and asks for feedback to determine the pt's level of understandingOffering Information
Ex of offering information-pt teaching(preoperative teaching) -diabetes education -discharge instructions (promotes informed decision making)
Allows the nurse to gather more specific information when the pt's message is too vague; focuses on specific dateFocusing
Providing a review of the main points covered in an interactionSummarizing
this helps the pt to seperate the essential info from the "nice to know" info and gives a sense of clousre to the sessionSummarizing
This helps reduce stress, anxiety, pain, and enhances the feelings of well-beinglaughter
This can help put the nurse and pt at easeHumor
It is never apporpriate to laugh ___ the pt; it is only appropriate to laugh ______ the ptat; with
-Posturing & positioning -Space & territoriality -environment -level of trust -language barriers -culture -Age & gender -physiologic factors -Psychosocial factorsFactors that affect communication
the most therapeutic posture & positioning is:The same position and level as the pt, or as close to it as feasible
What are the four zones of personal space?-intimate space -personal space -social space -public space
From the face to abut 18inches awayIntimate space
The area from 18 inces to 4ft away from a personPersonal space
4-12ft from a personSocial space
Beyond 12ft from a personPublic space
An environment that is calm, relaxed atmosphere, and privacyKey elements for a successful interaction
Without ______, the interaction does not progress past superficial social interactionsTrust
One way for the LVN to build trust is by demonstrating:confidence & competence
This is a common example of Physiologic factors in communicationPain
Another physiologic factor that frequently hinders effective communicationAltered cognition
If the pt lacks the cognitive ability to receive, process, and send information, then:Communication is disrupted
-A cerebrovascular accient(stroke) -sedative effects of medication -dementia -developmental delaysExamples of physiologic factors that have altered cognition
This is another common physiologic factor that impedes communicationImpaired hearing
When the pt is under stress they may respond with anger, impatience, or even withdrawlRespond with info simple, basic, & concrete and offer only essential info
An illness often is accompanied by some degree of ______ as a result of actual or perceived lossgrieving
How o assist/communicate during the grieving processsilence, therapeutic touch, displaying warm & caring behaviors, using open-ended statements to help pt understand feelings
Communicating with pt's who are cognitively impaired-allow time for pt to respond -ask 1 Q at/time -be attentive when listening to the pt speak -get the pt's attention b4 speaking -include family & friends in conversation -reduce environmental distractions while talking with pt -use simple sentences and avoid long explanations
Communicating with pt's who have hearing impairment-face the pt -speak at a normal volume rather than shouting -get pt attention when entering room before speaking -Ensure pt wearing hearing aids/glasses -Ensure pt can see lips (lip reading) -Stand near pt better hearing ear -reduce environmental noise(tv/radio) -Rephrase comments rather than repeat -speak at lower tone -use sign language or SL interpreter
The nurse needs to find different methods of communication that will work best for each indiv ptWhen pt experiences difficulty with verbal communication
The loss of speech hampers the indiv abillity to express needs(such as with an endotracheal tube)Compromised verbal communication
For any pt experiencing difficulty with verbally communicating; the pt will be able to communicate effectively with others by sending & receiving clear, concise, and understandable messagesThe pt goal
This includes alphabet, commonly used phrases, pictures, or combo of all threeCommunication board
Pt's with ventilator dependencealternative methods of communication
When the pt is unable to produce soound, it is essential to identify and implement:alternative methods of communication
Using falsely comforting phrases in an attempt to offer reassuranceFalse reassurance
Making a decision for a pt; offering personal opinions; telling a pt what to do with phrases such as "should do" "ought to"Giving advice or personal opinions
Making an assumption without validation; jumping to conclusionsFalse assumptions
Trying to impose the nurse's own attitudes, values, beliefs, and moral standards on a pt about what is right and wrongApproval or disapproval
Stereotyped or superficial comments that do not focus on what the pt is feeling or trying to sayAutomatic responses
Responding negatively to criticism; often in response to feelings of anger or hurt on your part; usually involves making excusesDefensiveness
Challenging or arguing against the pt's statments or perceptionsArguing
Asks the pt to explain his or her actions, beliefs, or feelings with "why" QsAsking for explanations
Inappropriately focusing the discussion on something other than the pt's concernChanging the subject
Responses that block communication-False reassurance -giving advise or personal opinions -false assumptions -approval or dissaproval -automatic responses -defensiveness -arguing -asking for explanations -changing the subject
A deficit or absent language function that results from ischemic insult to the brain, sucha as stroke(cerebrovascular accident), brain injury, or anoxiaAphasia
Pt that are unable to send the desired verbal messageExpressive aphasia
Pt with an inability to recognize or interpret the verbal message being receivedReceptive aphasia
Messages placed at intervals around the clock face; clock hand scans the messages, and the ptpresses buttons to stop the hand on the desired messageClock face communicator
Pt uses keyboard or type messagesComputer-assisted communication
Predetermined system in which the number of times a pt blinks in response to a Q indicates yes/noEye blinks
Pt mouths words to be interpreted by the receiverLip-reading
Pt moves letters around on board to spell words or phrasesMagnetic board w/plastic letters
Pt points to pictures on a board or poster of typical pt needsPicture board
Pt writes messages or communicates needs w/writingPencil/paper, magic erase board
Hand and finger symbols used to indicate letters; used throughout the world for hearing-impaired ptssign language
3x5 cards w/words or pictures on themword or picture cards
Alternative Methods of communicating with pt who are unable to speak-clock face communicator -computer-assisted communication -eye blinks -lip-reading -magnetic boards w/plastic letters -lip reading -paper/pencil, magic erase -picture board -sign language -word/picture cards