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Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

QuestionAnswer
is in large part mediated by the production of free radicals,Ozone toxicity
Ozone toxicity much more dangerous for people withasthma and emphysema
Ozone-induced asthma is associated withairway hyper-reactivity and neutrophilia
is produced by power plants burning coal and oil, from copper smelting, and as a byproduct of paper mills.sulfur dioxide
sulfur dioxide when released to air may be converted bysulfuric acid and sulfuric trioxid
Particulate matter AKASoot
is emitted by coal- and oil-fired power plants, by industrial processes burning these fuels, and by diesel exhaust.Particulate matter
Size of most harmful fine or ultrafine particles10 um
is a nonirritating, colorless, tasteless, odorless gas produced by the incomplete oxidation of carbonaceous materials.Carbon monoxide or CO
In a small, closed garage, the average car exhaust can inducelethal coma within 5 minutes
Subclinical lead poisoning may occur in children exposed to levels of lead below10 ug/dL, causing low intellectual capacity,
is the most preventable cause of human death.Smoking
is the most common exogenous cause of human cancersTobacco
Tobacco is being responsible for90% of lung cancers
smokeless tobacco is an important cause oforal cancer
The main culprit in cigarette smokingTobacco
CONTAMINATION OF BODIES OF WATER BODIES (E.G LAKES, RIVERS, OCEANS, AQUIFERS AND GROUNDWATER)Water pollution
The most dangerous form of water pollution occurs whenfeces enter the water supply
Water that are generally has a good quality comes fromspring and deep wells
REFER TO THE POLLUTANTS THAT BELONG TO A SINGLE SOURCEPoint
POLLUTANT EMITTED FROM MULTIPLENon-point
NPS meansNon-point source
CONTAMINATED WATER AFTER RAINS THAT HAS TRAVELED THROUGH SEVERAL REGIONS MAY ALSO BE CONSIDERED AS WHAT SOURCE?Non-point
Abundant accumulation of nutrients that support the growth of algea and other organismsEutrophication
Eutrophication favors the growth ofdinoflaggelates
dinoflaggelates causered tide
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES COMING IN CONTACT WITH THE BODY OF WATERSurface water pollution
In oxygen depleting the aerobic organism will?die
In oxygen depleting the anaerobic organism will?grow
TOO MUCH BIODEGRADABLE MATTER (THINGS THAT EASILY DECAY) ENCOURAGES MICROORGANISM GROWTHOxygen depleting
PESTICIDES AND CHEMICAL TO SOILS WASHED DEEP INTO THE GROUND BY THE RAINground water pollution
SUBSTANCES OR PARTICLES AND CHEMICALS DO NOT EASILY DISSOLVE IN WATERSuspended matter
Industrial and agricultural chemicals leached from the land enter water in great amounts and in forms that are resistant to biodegradation.Chemical pollution
IS THE TERM USED FOR WASTEWATER THAT OFTEN CONTAINS FECES, URINE AND LAUNDRY WASTE CHEMICALLY TREATED AND WITH MICROORGANISMSSewage
PROCESS OF CRUSHING THE ROCK AND EXTRACTING COAL AND OTHER MINERALS FROM UNDERGROUNDMining activities
highly reactive form of oxygen that is formed by electrical spark discharges and UV lightOzone treatment
Before entering the municipal distribution system, the filtered water is chlorinated.Chlorination
Water treatment plants produce ozone by passing dry air between high-voltage electrodes in tanks calledAzonators
sewage solids collecting on the bottomSludge
means high chance of eutrophication once the water is released in the lakeHigh BOD
is determined by the amount of oxygen required by bacteria to metabolize the organic matter.BOD
a measure of the biologically degradable organic matter in water.Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
Designed to decrease BOD and remove most organic matterSecondary treatment
is designed to remove essentially all the BOD, nitrogen, and phosphorus.Tertiary treatment
ANY SITUATION THAT IS THREATENING OR COULD THREATEN TO HARM PEOPLE OR PROPERTY, SEROIUSLY INTERUPT BUSINESS, DAMAGE REPUTATION AND/OR NEGATIVELY IMPACT SHARE VALUE.Crisis
AN EVALUATION OF THE PROBABILITY OF OCCURRENCE AND THE MAGNITUDE OF THE CONSEQUENCES OF ANY GIVEN HAZARDRisk
CALAMITY, CATASTROPHE, EMERGENCIES OR CRISISDisaster
THE RANGE OF ACTIVITIES DESIGNED TO MAINTAIN CONTROL OVER DISASTER AND EMERGENCY SITUATIONS AND TO PROVIDE A FRAMEWORK FOR HELPING AT RISK PERSONS AVOID OR RECOVER FROM THE IMPACT OF A DISASTERDisaster management
NDRRMCNATIONAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT COUNCIL
UNDERSTANDING HEALTH INFORMATION AND HOW TO ACCESS HEALTH SERVICES.Literacy and language
DEVELOPS GOOD BEHAVIORS, LIFESTYLE TOWARDS HEALTHEarly childhood development
MORE ACCESS TO EMPLOYMENT WITH JOB SECURITY, RETIREMENT PLANS AND HEALTH INSURANCE.Employment opportunities
IS THE SINGLE MOST IMPORTANT MODIFIABLE SOCIAL DETERMINANT OF HEALTHEducation
ARE THE TWO BIG ONES THAT CORRELATE MOST STRONGLY WITH LIFE EXPECTANCY AND MOST HEALTH STATUS MEASURESIncome and Education
IS THE SECOND MAJOR INFLUENCING FACTOR IN AFFECTING THE HEALTH OF THE POPULATIONEducation
How many hubs of DOH are designated?50
DOH designated hubs are found in?public hospitals and social hygiene clinics
A person who has TB can go to public health centers where he/she can be diagnose using?SPUTUM MICROSCOPY
EPI meansEXPANDED PROGRAM ON IMMUNIZATION
THESE ARE RUN BY THE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, THAT PROVIDE LOCAL GOVERNMENT WITH COMMODITIES, WHICH WERE PROCURRED IN BULK AT THE NATIONAL LEVEL.National Programmes
IS TO IMPROVE THE HEALTH STATUS OF THE POPULATIONHealth services
CALAMITY, CATASTROPHE, EMERGENCIES OR CRISISDisaster
A SUDDEN CALAMITOUS EVENT THAT CAUSES SERIOUS DISRUPTION OF THE FUNCTIONING OF A COMMUNITY OR A SOCIETY CAUSING WIDESPREAD HUMAN, MATERIAL, ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL LOSES.Disaster
THE CHANGE IN PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL CONDITION OF THE SOIL THROUGH MANS INTERVENTION RESULTING IN DEGRADATION.Soil Pollution
In tertiary system phosphorus is combined in what chemicals?Lime, alum, ferric chloride
In tertiary system what happened to phosphorus when it is combined with chemicalsprecipitated out
In tertiary system nitrogen is converted to?Ammonia
The purified water in tertiary system is?Chlorinated
In BOD the primary treatment removes how many percent of BOD sewage?25-35%
Excessive nitrates from agricultural fertilizersChemical Pollution
Collectively known as SMOGAir pollution
LARGEST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RISKAir pollution
Also known as genetic make upHeredity
THE PHYSICAL AND MENTAL TRAITS OF EVERY HUMAN IS DETERMINED BYGenes
IS UNIQUE AND CANNOT BE ALTERED AFTER CONCEPTIONGenetic make up
IS A COMMON EXAMPLE OF GENETIC DETERMINANT OF HEALTHSickle cell disease
IS A CONDITION THAT PEOPLE INHERIT WHEN BOTH PARENTS CARRY THE GENE FOR SICKLE CELL.sickle cell disease
A UNIT OF HEREDITARY INFORMATION THAT OCCUPIES A FIXED POSITION (LOCUS) ON A CHROMOSOME.Gene
THEY PLAY A ROLE IN THE OCCURRENCE OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LIKE TUBERCULOSIS AND AIDS AS WELL AS SOME NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES LIKE CANCER AND DIABETESGene
TYPE OF MENTAL RETARDATION CAUSED BY EXTRA GENETIC MATERIAL IN CHROMOSOME 21Down syndrome
Down syndrome can be due to a process callednondisjunction
RESULTS IN MODIFICATION OF A SINGLE GENE OCCURING IN ALL CELLS OF THE BODY.Monogenic disease
INVOLVES DAMAGE TO ONLY ONE GENE COPYdominant
OCCURS DUE TO DAMAGES IN BOTH COPIES OF GENErecessive
LINKED TO DEFECTIVE GENES ON THE X CHROMOSOMES (SEX CHROMOSOMES)x-linked
BLOOD RELATED GENETIC DISORDER WHICH INVOLVES THE ABSENCE OF OR ERRORS IN GENES RESPONSIBLE FOR PRODUCTION OF HEMOGLOBIN, A PROTEIN PRESENT IN THE RED BLOOD CELLS.thalassaemia
IS A BLOOD RELATED DISORDER THAT AFFECTS THE HEMOGLOBIN MOLECULE, AND CAUSES THE ENTIRE BLOOD CELLTO CHANGE SHAPE UNDER STRESSED CONDITIONS.Sickle cell anemia
THE HEMOGLOBIN MOLECULE IS DEFECTIVE, AFTER THEY GIVE UP THEIR OXYGEN, SOME MAY CLUSTER TOGETHER AND FORM LONG, ROD LIKE STRUCTURES WHICH BECOME STIFF AND ASSUME SICKLE SHAPESickle cell anemia
IS A HEREDITARY BLEEDING DISORDER, IN WHICH THERE IS A PARTIAL OR TOTAL LACK OF AN ESSENTIAL BLOOD CLOTTING FACTOR.Haemophilia
IT IS A LIFELONG DISORDER THAT RESULTS IN EXCESSIVE BLEEDING.Haemophilia
CLASSICAL HAEMOPHILIA (COMMON, DEFIECIENCY IN BLOOD CLOTTING FACTOR 8)Haemophilia A
CHRISTMAS DISEASE (DEFIECIENCY IN BLOOD CLOTTING FACTOR 9)Haemophilia B
GENETIC DISORDER THAT AFFECTS THE RESPIRATORY, DIGESTIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS INVOLVING THE PRODUCTION OF ABNORMALLY THICK MUCUS LININGS IN THE LUNGS AND CAN LEAD TO FATAL LUNG INFECTION.Cystic Fibrosis
VERY SALTY TASTING SKIN, PERSISTENT COUGHING, WHEEZING, SHORTNESS OF BREATH, EXCESSIVE APPETITE BUT POOR WEIGHT GAIN, GREASY AND BULKY STOOLSCystic Fibrosis
FATAL GENETIC DISORDER IN WHICH HARMFUL QUANTITIES OF A FATTY SUBSTANCE CALLED GANGLIOSIDE GM2 ACCUMULATE IN THE NERVE CELLS OF THE BRAIN.Tay sachs disease
CAUSED BY A FRAGLE SITE AT THE END OF THE LONG ARM OF THE X CHROMOSOME.fragile x syndrome
GENETIC DISORDER THAT MANIFEST THROUGH A COMPLEX RANGE OF COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL PHENOTYPES.fragile x syndrome
MOST COMMON CAUSE OF INHERITED RETARDATIONfragile x syndrome
DEGENERATIVE BRAIN DISORDER, IN WHICH AFFLICTED INDIVIDUALS LOSE THEIR ABILITY TO WALK, TALK, THINK AND REASON.Huntington's disease
THEY EASILY BECOME DEPRESSED, AND LOSE THEIR SHORT TERM MEMORY CAPACITY.Huntington's disease
AN AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT GENETIC DISORDERHuntington's disease
HUNTINGTON'S DISEASE BEGINS BETWEEN AGES?30-45
THIS IS CALLED AS GENETIC PREDISPOSITION OR SUSCEPTIBILITY DUE TO THE PRESENCE OF ONE OR MORE GENE MUTATIONS.GENES AND NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
OCCURS BECAUSE OF MUTATIONS IN THE GENES RESPONSIBLE FOR CELL MULTIPLICATION AND REPAIR.Cancer
THE CHANGES WHICH A CELL UNDERGOES IN THE PROCESS OF MALIGNANT TRANSFORMATION IS A REFLECTION OF THE SEQUENTIAL ACQUISITION OF THESE GENETIC ALTERATIONS.Cancer
THE CHANGES WHICH A CELL UNDERGOES IN THE PROCESS OF MALIGNANT TRANSFORMATION IS A REFLECTION OF THE SEQUENTIAL ACQUISITION OF THESE GENETIC ALTERATIONS.Cancer
IS A HORMONE THAT IS NEEDED TO CONVERT SUGAR, STARCH AND OTHER FOOD INTO ENERGY NEEDED FOR DAILY LIFE.Insulin
DISEASE IN WHICH THE BODY DOES NOT PRODUCE OR PROPERLY USE INSULIN.Diabetes
RESULTS FROM BODYS FAILURE TO PRODUCE INSULINType 1 diabetes
RESULTS FROM INSULIN RESISTANCE WHICH IMPLIES THAT THE BODY FAILS TO PROPERLY USE INSULINType 2 diabetes
TYPE OF DIABETES IN PREGNANT WOMENGestational diabetes
DISEASE IN WHICH THE AIRWAYS BECOME BLOCKED OR NARROWED.Asthma
SYMPTOMS: COUGHING, WHEEZING, SHORTNESS OF BREATH, TIGHTNESS IN THE CHEST.Asthma