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level: Level 1

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

QuestionAnswer
The commission (doing) of an act or the omission of an act that a reasonably prudent person would have performed in a similar situation, thus causing harm to another personNegligence
A type of civil law that involves wrongs against a person or property; these include negligence, assault, battery, defamation, fraud, false imprisonment, and invasion of privacyTort
Malicious or untrue spoken words about another person that are brought to the attention of othersSlander
Failure to meet a legal duty, thus causing harm to anotherMalpractice
A malicious or untrue writing about another person that is brought to the attention of othersLibel
Injury to a person's property that gives rise to a basis for a legal action against the person who caused the damageHarm
Spoken or written statements made maliciously and intentionally that may injure the subjects reputationDefamation
Unlawful touching of another person without informed consentBattery
A legal presumption that a person who has reached the age of majority can make decisions for herself of himself unless proved otherwise (if he/she has been declared incompetent)Competency
An intentional threat to cause bodily harm to another; does not have to include actual bodily contactAssault
Wrongful termination of providing pt careAbandonment of care
What practice is guided by a combination of legal principles, est laws, moral standards, and ethical principlesNursing practice of LVN
The category of law involved in the needs of the publicCriminal Law
The type of law cases between individualsCivil cases
Federal, State, and local gov't lawStatutory Law
This law evolves in response to specific legal questions that come before court and usually follows precedent(previous rulings on an issue)Common Law
Professional NegligenceMalpractice
The elements that must be present for liability of Malpractice to be established-Duty -Breach -Harm -Proximate Cause
The person alleged is legally responsibleLiable
This relationship has a personal and legal basis: the duty to provide professional careThe nurse-patient relationship
One who defends or pleads a cause or issue on behalf of another.Advocate
They have a legal and ethical obligation to safeguard the pt's interestsThe Nurse Advocate
7 Preventable Omissions in Nursing (Failures to...)-Collaborate with other health care team mbrs -Clarify interdisciplinary orders -Ask for and offer assistance -Utilize evidence-based performance -Communicate info to pt's and families -Limit overtime -Adequately staff pt care units with appropriately credentialed staff
The laws that formally define and limit the scope of nursing practice. Each state has laws that govern the scope and practice of nursingNurse Practice Acts
List the best practices of a nurse to avoid malpractice-Practice within the rules and regulations -within the standards of care -within the employing agency's policies & procedures *Also strive to maintain a positive nurse-pt relationship
What has been identified as the number one leading factor in Malpractice suits against nurses?A poor nurse-pt relationship
The legal exchange between indiv as opposed to legal concerns that involve a criminal matter (which would involve the state/federal gov't bringing chargers)Civil Litigation
Witnesses that undergo questioning by an attorneyDeposition
A written question that one party sends to the other party, to which an answer is legally requiredInterrogatory
A legal responsibilityLiability
Being responsible for ones own actionsAccountability
What are the most common areas of litigation against a nurse? (4 Performance Failures)-standards of care -use of equip -documentation -pt advocacy
When a nurse accepts a pt care assignmentNurse-Patient Relationship
What are the common breaches of Standards of Care of nursing?Practice, Monitoring, Communication
Failure to adhere to the standards of care gives rise to:Legal Liability
Defines acts whose performance is required, permitted, or prohibitedStandards of Care
What Organization developed the Pt's Bill of Rights?American Hospital Association (AHA)
What is the current name of the Pt's Bill of Rights?The Patient Care Partnership
Understanding Expectations, Rights & ResponsibilitiesThe Patient Care Partnership
The American Hosp Assoc (AHA) encourages health care institutions to adapt the template bill of rights to their particular environment to include:-cultural -religious -linguistic -educational backgrounds
What year were the Mental Health Pt's Bill of Rights and Pregnant Pt's Bill of Rights adopted into law?1980
What is the goal of the AHA?to promote the public's understanding of their rights and responsibilities as consumers of health care
An Independent accrediting agency responsible for accrediting and certifying health care organizationsThe Joint Commission
What is the Patient Self-Determination Act?-Institutions required to have written policies & procedures regarding advance directives -Pt's right to accept or refuse treatment -Pt's right to participate fully in health-care related decisions
When was HIPAA est?1996 Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
Health care institutions are obliged to uphold what pt's rights?-access to health care without prejudice -treatment with respect and dignity at all times -privacy and confidentiality -personal safety -complete info about one's own condition and treatment
Pt's responsibility to the health care institution are?-provide accurate information about themselves -provide knowledge of any known conditions -participate in decision making of treatment and care
Full disclosure of the facts the pt needs to make an intelligent decision before any invasive treatment or procedure if performedDoctrine of Informed Consent
Minors under 18 may consent to treatment if:-Marriage -Leal emancipation -Living apart from parents or guardians for 60 days and independent of parental support -Service in the armed forces
A minor may consent for care of specific categories:-STIs -Drugs & alcohol abuse -Sexual Assault -Family planning
Consent cannot be obtained from someone who is?Impaired or under the influence of alcohol or drugs
The law states that the health care professional is required to report certain information to the appropriate authorities under what circumstances?Reporting abuse
The health care professional is protected from liability in reporting abuse when:Acting in good faith to report mandated information
Withholding of life-saving treatment and carePassive euthanasia & medical neglect
The painless killing of a patient suffering from an incurable and painful disease or in an irreversible comaEuthanasia
Factors that put elders at risk for abuse?-Declining physical health -Declining mental ability -Decreased strength & mobility -Loss of independence -Isolation -Loss of loved ones, friends, relatives
The nurse-patient relationship should be based on:trust & respect
What can help an LVN reduce the likelihood of a lawsuit? (3)-following the standards of care -following the policies & procedures of the facility -adhering to the scope of practice
Values that influence a person's behavior and the indiv's feelings & beliefs about what is right or wrongEthics
What are the two basic types of Advance Directives?Living Wills & Durable POA
Signed and witnessed documents that provide specific instructions for health care treatment if a person is unable to make these decisions personally at the time they are neededAdvance Directives
Requires health care institutions to provide written info to pt's concerning the pt's rights under state law to make decisions, including the right to refuse treatment and formulate advance directivesPatient Self-Determination Act
A written document that directs treatment in accordance with a pt's wishes in the event of a terminal illness or conditionA Living Will
A designated agent, surrogate, or proxy to make health care decisions on the pt's behalf based on the pt's wishesA durable POA for health care
Personal beliefs about the worth of an object, an idea, a custom, or an attitudeValues
The process of self-evaluation that helps gain insight into personal valuesValue Clarification
How to clarify values-Select the belief or behavior and consciously examine it -decide its value -incorporate the value into everyday responses and behaviors
Situations that do not have a clear right or wrong answerEthical dilemmas
Ethical Principles for nursing (5)-Respect for people -Autonomy -Beneficence -nonmaleficence -justice
To do no harm (nurse has the duty to do nothing that has a harmful effect on the pt)Nonmaleficence
All pt's have the same right to nursing interventions (what is fair)Justice
The nurse has an ethical duty to protect life and promote well being of all pt's (Doing good or acting for someone's good)Beneficence
The nurse does not have a right to make choices for the pt (the freedom of personal choice)Autonomy
Each pt has the same worth and always is entitled to respect (all human life is sacred, each indiv has inherent worth as a person)Respect for people
What organization regulates ethical guidelines for LVNs?National Federation of Licensed Practical Nurse(NFLPN)
The Ethical code laid out by the NFLPN? (5)-to know and function within the scope of practice of the LVN -to maintain pt confidences -to provide healthcare without discrimination -to maintain a high degree of professional and personal behavior -to take an active role in the development of LVN profession
PASPractitioner-Assisted Suicide (Active euthanasia)