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level: Classification of Joints

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Classification of Joints

QuestionAnswer
What are joints?Joints are places where two bones of the skeleton or the rigid elements of the skeleton meet and where movement sometimes occurs.
What does the structure of the joint allow?Structures of joints allow for resistance to crushing, tearing, and other forces
Name the structureBone
Name the structureArticular cartilage
Name the structureJoint Cavity containing synovial fluid
Name the structureArticular Capsule
Name the structureSynovial Membrane
How can the joints be classified?Joints can be classified by function or structure
How are joints classifed by their function?Functional classification depends on the amount of movement a joint allows
What are the three functional classifications?1. Synarthroses 2. Amphiarthroses 3. Diarthroses
Define SynarthrosesSynarthroses are immovable joints and are common in the axial skeleton
Define AmphiarthrosesAmphiarthroses are slightly movable joints and are common in the axial skeleton
Define DiarthrosesDiarthroses are freely movable joints and are common in the appendicular skeleton Diarthroses includes all synovial joints
How are joints classified by their structure?Structural classification is based on the material that binds the bones together and if a joint cavity is present
What are the three structural classifications?1. Fibrous 2. Cartilaginous 3. Synovial
Describe Fibrous JointsFibrous joints are adjoining bones that are united by collagenic fibers
Define Cartilaginous JointsCartilaginous joints are adjoining bones united by cartilage
Define Synovial JointsSynovial Joints are adjoining joints separated by a joint cavity, covered with articular cartilage, and enclosed within a articular capsule that is lined with a synovial membrane
What type of joint connects bones via fibrous connective tissueFibrous Joints
What Joint does not have a joint cavity and is the most immovable type of joint?Fibrous Joint
What are the different type of Fibrous Joints?1. Sutures 2. Syndesmoses 3. Gomphoses
What are sutures?Sutures (fibrous joints) are bones that are tightly bounded by a minimal amount of fibrous tissue
Where are sutures found?sutures only occur between the bones of the skull
What do sutures allow?Sutures allow bone growth - allows the skull to expand with the brain during childhood
Define SynotosesSynostoses are closed sutures which occurs when the fibrous tissue ossifies
What are Syndesmoses?Syndesmoses (fibrous joints) are bones that are connected exclusively by ligaments
So syndesmoses joints allow movement?Yes however, the amount of movement depends on the length of the fibers
Name the structureSyndesmoses
What is Gomphoses?Gomphoses (fibrous joint) are ligaments that connect the teeth to the gums.
What are the 3 types of Fibrous joints give a brief description1. Sutures- bones in the skull only 2. Syndesmosis- ligaments hold together the bones 3. Gomphosis- ligaments connect teeth to gums
What holds the suture together?Dense fibrous connective tissue
What is holding the 2 bones together? What are the 2 bones?A ligament is holding the Tibia and fibula together
The tooth binds to what area? How does the tooth bind to this area?The tooth binds to the socket of the alveolar socket via the periodontal ligament
What joint connects bones by cartilage and lacks a joint cavity?Cartilaginous joints
What are the types of Cartilaginous Joints?- synchondroses - symphyses
Define SynchondresesSynchondroses (cartilaginous joint) unites bone using hyaline cartilage
What are examples of Synchondroses joints?epiphyseal plates and the joint between the 1st rib and the manubrium are synchondroses joints.
Name the structureThe image shows a epiphyseal plate which is a temporary hyaline cartilage joint
Name the structureimmovable hyaline cartilage; joint between the manubrium and 1st rib
What are symphyses?Symphyses (cartilaginous joints) connect bones via fibrocartilage - we also see a presence of hyaline cartilage as articular cartilage Symphyses joints are slightly movable and provide strength and flexibility
What are examples of Symphyses joints?intervertebral discs and the pubic symphysis are examples of symphyses joints
Name the structureFibrocartilaginous intervertebral disc
Name the structurePubic Symphysis
What is the most movable type of joint?Synovial Joint
What are synovial joints? What do they contain?Synovial Joints are diarthroses and each contains a fluid filled joint cavity
What are the different type of Synovial joints?1. Ball and Socket 2. Ellipsoid Joint 3. Saddle Joint 4. Hinge Joint 5. Pivot Joint
What Joint is shown hereA ball and socket synovial joint
What Joint is shown here?Ellipsoid Synovial joint
What joint is shown here?Saddle synovial joint
What joint is shown hereHinge (synovial) joint
What joint is shown here?Pivot (synovial joint)
Name the structureArticular cartilage
What role does articular cartilage play in synovial joints?Articular cartilage (which is played by hyaline cartilage) cover the ends of opposing bones and work to absorb compression
Name the structureSynovial Cavity
Describe a Joint (articular) cavityJoint cavities are unique to synovial joints and it filled with a small amount of synovial fluid
Name the structureJoint capsule and synovial lining
Name the structureBursa
Name the structureLigament
Name the structureTendon
Define the articular capsulethe articular capsule is a two layers capsule that encloses a joint cavity
What are the 2 layers of the articular capsule?- fibrous layer - synovial membrane
Define the Fibrous later and its functionthe fibrous layer is dense irregular connective tissue which works to strengthen the joint
Define the synovial membrane and its functionthe synovial membrane is loose connective tissue that lines the joint capsule and covers the internal joint surfaces Its function is to make synovial fluid
Describe synovial fluidSynovial fluid is a viscous fluid, a filtrate of blood because it arises from the capillaries of the synovial membrane - contains glycoprotein secreted by fibroblasts
What is the function of the synovial fluidthe synovial fluid provides lubrication the pressure on joints squeezes synovial fluid into and out of the articular cartilage
What are reinforcing ligaments?Reinforcing ligaments are often thickened parts of the fibrous layer - can be extracapsular ligaments (outside capsule) - can be intracapsular ligaments (inside capsule)
How are the synovial joints vascularized?capillary begs produce basis of synovial fluid the synovial joints contain branches of several nerves and blood vessels
What nerves supply the synovial joints?the synovial joints receive a rich supply from the sensory nerves which detect pain and monitor how much the capsule is being stretched
Name the structures1. Fibrous layer 2. Synovial membrane