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level: Bone Structure

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Bone Structure

QuestionAnswer
Bone is composed of what 2 units?bone is composed of both compact and spongy bone
Define compact boneCompact bone is the dense outer layer
Define spongy boneSpongy bone is the internal network
What does spongy bone consist ofspongy bone consists of trabeculae and marrow that fills open spaces between trabeculae
Name the structureEndosteum
Name the structureYellow bone marrow
Name the structureCompact bone
Name the structurePeriosteum
Name the structureSharpey's fibers (collagen fibers)
Name the structureNutrient artery
Where is the yellow bone marrow located?The yellow bone marrow fills the medullary cavity
Define Diaphysis and Epiphyses in regards to the boneDiaphysis describes the shafts of the bone and the epiphyses describes the ends of the bone
Name the parts of the bone1. Proximal epiphysis 2. Diaphysis 3. Distal Epiphysis
Name the part of the boneArticular cartilage
Name the part of the boneSpongy bone
Name the structureEpiphyseal Line
What is considered the growth platethe epiphyseal line is considered the growth plate
Name the part of the boneEndosteum
Name the part of the bonePeriosteum
Name the part of the boneCompact bone
Name the part of the boneMedullary cavity
What is the medullary cavity lined with?Lines by the endosteum
Name the part of the boneendosteum
What types of bones do not contain a bone marrow cavity?Flat bones, short bones, and irregular bones contain marrow but no marrow cavity
What does the shape of the bone determine?The shape of the bone facilitates the type of movement and types of structures it supports
What area of the bone deals with stress the most?compression and tension are greatest at external surfaces of the bone
What occurs heretension pushes outward while compression pushes inwards
what do bone markings reflect?Superficial surfaces of bones reflect stresses on them
What are the 3 categories of bone markings?1. Projections for muscle attachment 2. surfaces that form joints 3. depressions and openings
Describe/Define TuberosityTuberosity is a a large rounded projection that is a site for muscle and ligament attachment
Describe/Define CrestCrest is the narrow ridge of a bone and acts as a projection/site of muscle and ligament attachment
Describe/Define TrochanterTrochanter is a large, blunt and irregular shaped process which allows for attachment of muscles and ligaments on the femur
Describe/Define LineA line is the narrow ridge of the bone, similar to crest but is lest prominent - allows for muscle and ligament attachment
Define/ Describe TubercleTubercle is a small rounded projection or process that allows for muscle and ligament attachment
Define/Describe EpicondyleEpicondyle is a raised area on or above a condyle; allows for muscle or ligament attachment
Define/Describe SpineSharp, slender and often pointed projection that acts as a site for muscle and ligament attachment
Define/Describe ProcessProcess is any bone prominence that acts as a site for ligament and muscle attachment
Describe/Define HeadHead is a bony expansion carried on a narrow neck and is a surface that forms joints
Define/Describe FacetFacet is a smooth, nearly flat surface that forms joints
Define/Describe CondyleCondyle is a rounded articular projection, often articulates w/ corresponding fossa
Define/Describe ForamenForamen is a round or oval opening through the bone that allows passage of vessels and nerves
Define/Describe FIssureFissure is a narrow, slit-like opening that allows for passage of vessels and nerves
Define/Describe GrooveGroove is a furrow, allows for passage of vessels and nerves
Define/Describe NotchNotch is an indentation at the edge of a structure, allows for passage of nerves and vessels
Define/Describe FossaFossa is a shallow depression in a bone, serves as an articular surface and also allows for the passage of nerves and vessels
Define/Describe MeatusMeatus is a canal like passageway allows for the passage of vessels and nerves
Define/Describe SinusSinus is a cavity within a bone, filled with air and lines with mucous membrane; allows for passage of vessels and nerves
Name the parts of the bone1. Compact bone 2. Spongy bone
Name the part of the boneOsteon
Name the part of the boneLamellae
Name the part of the boneEndosteum
Name the part of the boneperforating collagen fibers aka Sharpey's fibers
Name the part of the bonePeriosteum
What contains passageways for blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nervesCompact bone contains passage ways for blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves
Define/Describe OsteonsOsteons are long cylindrical structures, their function is support
What do osteons contain?Osteons contain Lamellae, central canal, perforating canals, and canaliculi
Name the structureLamellae
Name the structureCollagen fibers (it is important then run in different directions because it gives it strength)
What does the trabeculae contain?the trabeculae contains layers of lamellae and osteocytes - too small to contain osteons