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level: Structure of Nephrons

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Structure of Nephrons

QuestionAnswer
What is the nephron composed of?- renal corpuscle - renal tubule
Where does the renal artery send blood to?The renal artery sends blood to the cortex of the kidney
What cells can be found in the Bowman's capsule?Simple Squamous Epithelium
What surrounds the capillary?endothelium
What cell can be found in the kidney tubules and what are its functions?Podocyte; A support cell that assists with the movement of fluid.
What is a nephron?A nephron is a microscopic tube with a wall one cell thick (it is one cell thick because of the active filtration)
Where does a nephron begin?Begins in the cortex
When a nephron folds, what does it form?The nephron folds in the cortex to form the Bowman's capsule
How does the nephron enter the medulla?The nephron enters the medulla as a proximal tube
What does the proximal tube become?The proximal tube turns at the loop of Henle
How does the nephron reenter the cortex after the loop of henle?the loop of henle reenters the cortex as a distal tube
What does the distal tube drain into?The distal tube drains into a collecting duct
What is the first part of the nephron?The first part of the nephron is the renal corpuscle
What does the renal corpuscle consist of?consists of: the glomerulus and glomerular capsule
Define GlomerulusGlomerulus is a collection of fenestrated capillaries
What surrounds the Glomerulus?The Glomerular (Bowman's) Capsule
What lines the Bowman's capsule?simple squamous epithelium and consists of podocytes
What surrounds the arterialsPodocytes
What is the filtration membrane?The filtration membrane is a filter that lies between the blood in the glomerulus and a capsular space
How many layers make up the filtration membrane? What are they?The filtration membrane has 3 layers 1. endothelium of the capillary 2. slits of podocytes (epithelial cells) between foot processes 3. basement membrane
What does the filtration membrane allow to pass? What does it not?The filtration membrane holds back most proteins and allows: - water - ions - glucose - amino acids - urea
Name the StructureGlomerular capsular space
Name the StructureProximal convoluted Tubule
Name the StructureParietal Layer of the Glomerular capsule made up of simple squamous epithelium
Name the StructureGlomerular capillary that is covered in podocytes
Name the StructureAfferent Arteriole
Name the StructureEfferent arteriole
Name the StructureCapillary
How does plasma pass through the filtration membrane?Plasma passed the capillaries and enters the endothelium through fenestrations (pores)
Name the StructureFenestration (pore)
Name the StructureFoot processes of podocytes
Name the StructureBasement membrane
Name the StructureFiltration slit
Name the StructureFoot processes of podocytes
After the Glomerulus, where does the filtrate proceed?Filtrate proceeds to the renal tubules
What are considered renal tubules?- proximal convoluted tubule - nephron loop - distal convoluted tubule - Collecting ducts
Define the Nephron loopThe nephron loop has a descending limp - has a thick and thin segment
Define the function of the collecting ductThe collecting duct receives urine from several nephrons and plays an important role in conserving body fluids
Name the StructureCollecting Duct
After the collecting duct, where does the filtrate proceed to?Final urine enters the ureter
Why is microvilli present in the proximal convoluted tubule cellsbecause this part of the kidney is where reabsorption occurs thus movement of fluid
Name the StructureMicrovilli
Name the StructureApical Membrane
Name the StructureLumen
Name the StructureBasement membrane
Name the StructurePeritubular space
Name the StructureCapillary endothelial cell
Name the StructureTight Junction
Name the StructureTubule columnar epithelial cell