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level: Respiratory System

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Respiratory System

QuestionAnswer
Lungs recieve unoxygenated blood from?the pulmonary arteries
Describe the role of the pulmonary trunkPulmonary trunk moves blood from the right atrium and ventricle to the pulmonary arteries which run into the lung
Gas exchange in the lungs occurs in the....pulmonary capillaries
Blood from the lungs enters the heart through thepulmonary veins
Where does blood from the pulmonary veins go?Blood from the pulmonary veins enter the left atrium---> left ventricle----> aorta
Name this structureInferior Vena Cava
Name this structureSuperior Vena Cava
Name this structurePulmonary Trunk
Name this structureLeft and Right pulmonary Arteries
Name this structurePulmonary capillaries
Name this structureLeft and right pulmonary veins
Name this structureAorta
What occurs in the pulonary capillariesgas exchange - carbon dioxide is exchanged for oxygen
What are the basic functions of the respiratory system?the respiratory system: - supplies the body with oxygen - disposes of carbon dioxide
What are the four processes involved in respiration?- pulmonary ventilation - external respiration - transport of respiratory gases - internal respiration
What organs are considered respiratory organs?- Nose, nasal cavity, and paranasal sinuses - Pharynx, larynx, and trachea - Bronchi and smaller branches - Lungs and alveoli
Name this structureNasal Cavity
Name this structurePharynx
Name this structureLarynx
Name this structureTrachea
Name this structureLeft and right primary bronchus
Name this structureCarina of trachea
Name this structureBronchi
Name this structureAlveoli
What are the 2 zones the respiratory system is divided into?Conducting zone Respiratory zone
Define the conduction zoneThe conducting zone includes" - respiratory passageways that convey air - filter, humidify, and warm incoming air
Define the respiratory zonethe respiratory zone includes: - site of gas exchange in the lungs - structures that have alveoli
Name this structureNasal Cavity
Name this structureNasopharynx
Name this structureOropharynx
Name this structureLaryngopharynx
Name this structureEsophagus
Name this structureTrachea
Name this structureLarynx
Describe the Pharynx- funnel shaped passageway -connects the nasal cavity and mouth - divided into 3 sections (Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx) -mucosal lining changes along its length
Describe the Nasopharynx- continuous with nasal cavity - contains pharyngeal tonsils giving it its immune function of destroying entering pathogens - contains opening to auditory tube
Describe the pharynx- archlike entrance way that extend from the soft plate to the epiglottis - contains stratified squamous epithelium
What two tonsils are found in the oropharynx?the Palatine tonsils- (in lateral walls of fauces) the Lingual tonsils (covering posterior surface of the tongue)
Describe the Laryngopharynx- passageway for food and air - contains stratified squamous epithelium - continuous with the esophagus and larynx - extends to the cricoid cartilage
Name this structureLaryngeal prominence (aka adams apple)
Name this structureCricoid cartilage
Name this structureJugular notch
Describe voice productionlength of the vocal folds changes with pitch loudness depends on the force of air across the vocal folds
What innervates the larynxa branch of the vagus nerve... recurrent laryngeal nerves
Describe the TracheaC-shaped cartilage rings keep the airway open Carina marks where the trachea splits into 2 bronchi contains pseudostratified ciliated columnar
Name this structureTrachea
Name this structureLeft and Right primary Bronchi
Which lung is smaller and why?Left lung is smaller than the right lung due to the heart being present
What are the different types of AlveoliType 1: - single layer of simple squamous epithelial cells and is surrounded by basal lamina Type 2: Alveolar and capillary walls and basal lamina form the respiratory membrane
Name this structureAlveoli
Name this structureRespiratory membrane
Name this structureRed blood cell in capillary
Name this structureAlveolar epithelium
Name this structureCapillary endothelium
Name this structureVisceral pluera
Name this structurePleural cavity
Name this structureParietal Pleura
Name this structureblue: left superior lobe green: oblique fissure purple: left inferior lobe
Name this structureHeart
Name this structureblue: right superior lobe green: right middle lobe purple: right inferior lobe
Name this structureblue: horizontal fissure green: oblique fissure
Name this structureBase of lung
Name this structureTrachea
Function of Pulmonary arteriesdeliver oxygen poor blood to the lungs
Function of Pulmonary veinscarry oxygenated blood to the heart
Parasympathetic controls what in our lungsParasympathetic- constricts airways
Symopathetic controls what in our lungssympathetic- dilates airways
What surrounds the lung?The Pleurae (A double layered sac surrounds each lung) - parietal pleura - visceral pleura
Define the pleura cavitythe pleura cavity is the potential space between the visceral and parietal pleurae
What does the pleurae help divide?The pleurae helps divide the thoracic cavity into the central mediastinum and the 2 lateral pleural compartments
What is the neural control of ventilation?The ventral respiratory group is the neural control of ventilation and is located in the medulla oblongata - the neurons generate a respiratory rythm
Name this structurePons
Name this structureThe medulla is the site there the Ventral Respiratory and Dorsal Respiratory group are found and send signals to the diaphragm nd intercostal nerves
What is the Dorsal Respiratory GroupThe DRG integrates the peripheral sensory input and modifies the rhythms generated by VRG.
Bronchial Asthma- a type of allergic inflammation (hypersensitivity to irritants in the air or to stress)
Asthma attacks are characterized by...- contraction of bronchiole smooth muscle - secretion of mucus in airways
Cystic Fibrosis- inherited disease - exocrine gland function is disrupted - affected by over secretion of viscous mucus
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)- airflow in and out of lungs is difficult that could be due to obstructive emphysema or chronic bronchitis - usually has history of smoking or caused by air pollution
Describe EmphysemaEmphysema is the destruction of alveolar walls thus preventing gas exchange
Define chronic bronchitisexcess mucus production which causes and chronic cough